| 词条 | New Caledonian barrier reef |
| 释义 |
| WHS = Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems | image = Lagoons and Reefs of New Caledonia May 10, 2001.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = Northern tip of Grande Terre | location = New Caledonia (state party: France) | includes = {{flatlist|
}} | criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(vii), (ix), (x)}}(vii), (ix), (x) | ID = 1115 | coordinates = {{coord|20|24|43|S|164|33|59|E|scale:100000_source:frwiki|display=title, inline}} | year = 2008 | area = {{convert|1,574,300|ha|acre|abbr=on}} | buffer_zone = {{convert|1,287,100|ha|acre|abbr=on}} | locmapin = New Caledonia#Oceania | map_caption = }} The New Caledonian barrier reef is located in New Caledonia in the South Pacific, and is the longest continuous barrier reef in the world and the second largest after the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. The New Caledonian barrier reef surrounds Grande Terre, New Caledonia's largest island, as well as the Ile des Pins and several smaller islands, reaching a length of {{convert|1500|km|mi}}. The reef encloses a lagoon of {{convert|24000|km2|sqmi}}, which has an average depth of {{convert|25|m|ft}}. The reefs lie up to {{convert|30|km|mi}} from the shore, but extend almost {{convert|200|km|mi}} to the Entrecasteaux reefs in the northwest. This northwestern extension encloses the Belep Islands and other sand cays. Several natural passages open out to the ocean. The Boulari passage, which leads to Noumea, the capital and chief port of New Caledonia, is marked by the Amédée lighthouse. EcologyThe reef systems of New Caledonia are considered to be the second largest in the world after the Great Barrier Reef of Australia, the longest continuous barrier reef in the world with a length of 1.600 km and its lagoon, the largest in the world with an area of 24.000 square kilometers. This ecosystem hosts along with Fiji, the world’s most diverse concentration of reef structures, 146 types based on a global classification system, and they equal or even surpass the much larger Great Barrier Reef in coral and fish diversity. The reef has great species diversity with a high level of endemism, and is home to endangered dugongs (Dugong dugon) with the third largest population, and is an important nesting site for green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas).[1] In the lagoons of New Caledonia there are many water species ranging from plankton to larger fish and even sharks. Environmental ThreatsMost of the reefs are generally thought to be in good health. Some of the eastern reefs have been damaged by effluent from nickel mining on Grand Terre. Sedimentation from mining, agriculture, and grazing has affected reefs near river mouths, which has been worsened by the destruction of mangrove forests, which help to retain sediment. Some reefs have been buried under several metres of silt.[2] In January 2002, the French government proposed listing New Caledonia's reefs as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. UNESCO listed New Caledonia barrier reef on the World Heritage List under the name The Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems on 7 July 2008.[3] The Lagoons were listed under three UNESCO categories:
There are 13 local management committees, composed of tourist operators, fishermen, politicians and chiefs of local tribes which work with the community to monitor the health of the lagoons.[4] Human UseScuba Diving is common, with several dive sites in the lagoon and around the reef. These include the Prony needle, the Shark Pit and the Cathedral.[5] See also
External links{{commons category|New Caledonian lagoon}}
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1115/|website=UNESCO|accessdate=18 December 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=New Caledonia Barrier Reef|url=http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/ecoregions/newcaledonia_barrier_reef.cfm|website=WWF|accessdate=18 December 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1115/|website=UNESCO|accessdate=18 December 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Historic Local community meeting in New Caledonia to strengthen World Heritage conservation|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1410/|website=UNESCO|accessdate=18 December 2016|date=20 July 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Scuba Diving|url=http://www.newcaledonia.travel/au/lagoon/diving/scuba-diving|website=nouvelle caledonie|accessdate=18 December 2016}} 6 : Landforms of New Caledonia|Marine ecoregions|Coral reefs|World Heritage Sites in Oceania|World Heritage Sites in France|Reefs of Oceania |
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