| 词条 | New England Complex Systems Institute |
| 释义 |
|name= New England Complex Systems Institute |founded= 1996 |location= Cambridge, Massachusetts |address= 277 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts |telephone= 617-547-4100 |fax= 617-661-7711 |budget= Revenue: $41,373 Expenses: $868,403 (FYE December 2015)[1] |website= necsi.edu }} The New England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI) is a small American research institution dedicated to advancing the study of complex systems. NECSI offers educational programs, conducts research, and hosts the International Conference on Complex Systems. It was founded in 1996 and is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. MissionNECSI was established in 1996 by faculty of various New England academic institutions, including MIT, Harvard, Brandeis, and others, to encourage communication and collaboration among researchers studying complex systems. The NECSI web site describes "complex systems" as follows:
Collaboration and CommunicationNECSI promotes collaboration and dissemination of new research among complex systems researchers in wide-ranging disciplines and numerous institutions. NECSI's activities for this purpose include hosting an international research conference and maintaining a roster of affiliated scholars and co-faculty. International Conference on Complex SystemsNECSI hosts the International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS), whose aims are:
ICCS takes place on an occasional basis, with the most recent (eighth conference) in 2011. ICCS conferences have featured notable computer scientists (e.g., Gerald Sussman), mathematicians (e.g., Stephen Wolfram), systems theorists (e.g., John Sterman), physicists (e.g. Sandy Pentland), economists (e.g., James Stock), and others. Events at ICCS include research presentations and workshops, as well as pedagogical sessions aimed at a wider community. Affiliates and Co-facultyNECSI provides a public platform for affiliates and co-faculty at numerous academic institutions, primarily in the New England region. These researchers also contribute to NECSI educational programs.
Research areasEvolution and EcologyNECSI researchers have contributed to the understanding of evolutionary dynamics, the evolution of altruism, the origin and characterization of biodiversity, and the interplay between evolution and ecology. Much of the work done at NECSI has focused on the role of the spatial distribution of species, an often overlooked factor of evolutionary dynamics. In the case where portions of a population are geographically isolated from each other, for example, Yaneer Bar-Yam was able to demonstrate shortcomings in the gene-centered view of evolution, an approximation that is valid only if there is complete mixing of alleles in the gene pool. NetworksStudies of network topologies have found surprising similarities between a variety of complex social, technological and biological networks. NECSI research in networks focuses on the relationship between structure, dynamics and function. Social SystemsNECSI research in social systems focuses on the collective actions that create revolutions, ethnic violence, urban health, fads and panics, global food and so on. The role of individuals and organization can be analyzed by techniques and tools of complex systems. RepresentationComplex systems exhibit behaviors at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Researchers working at NECSI have developed a mathematical formalism for simultaneously describing systems on multiple scales. This formalism had been applied to physical systems, information systems, organizational behavior, engineering projects and military conflict. An essential tool for multiscale analysis, the complexity profile, the relationship between the observed complexity of a system and the scale of observation. Post-crisis focus on social and economic systemsSince 2009, the Institute's research focus has shifted to socio-economic systems, with particular attention to the causes and consequences of the 2008 financial crisis and dynamics of Twitter networks and social sentiment. Policy relevant articles on stock market regulation and market crashes,[2] food riots and the causes of high food prices, and the European bond crisis have been released straight to the press. Peer reviewed articles continue to appear on other subjects. Further fields of research
Public attentionNECSI's work on the global food crisis has been widely cited by the press, by movements to curb financial speculation, and included among the top 10 discoveries in science in 2011 by Wired. NECSI's scientific visualizations have received multiple citations on top 10 lists. NECSI has been called "a pioneer in using mathematics, computation and other quantitative methods to analyse topics like ethnic violence, economic crises and healthcare systems" by the press. See also
References1. ^{{cite web | url=http://990s.foundationcenter.org/990_pdf_archive/043/043332954/043332954_201606_990.pdf | title=New England Complex Systems Institute Inc. | date= | website=Foundation Center | accessdate=5 October 2018}} 2. ^Harmon D, Lagi M, de Aguiar MAM, Chinellato DD, Braha D, Epstein IR, et al. (2015). "Anticipating Economic Market Crises Using Measures of Collective Panic." PLoS ONE 10(7): e0131871.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131871. External links
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