“Yavne'el”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Yavne'el ({{lang-he-n|יַבְנְאֵל}}, {{lang-ar|يفنيئيل}}) is a moshava and local council in the Northern District of Israel. It is one of the oldest rural Jewish communities in the country.^[1] In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Yavne'el}}.

History

Remains from the Late Bronze Age,^[2]^[3] Iron Age I–II,^[2] Persian,^[2] Hellenistic,^[4] Roman,^[2] and Late Byzantine^[2]^[3]^[5] eras have been found here.

A residential building constructed in the Umayyad period that continued to be inhabited during the Abbasid period (eighth–tenth centuries CE) has been excavated here.^[6]

Ottoman era

During the Ottoman era the Muslim village in the area was known as ‘’Yemma’’.^[7] The village was mentioned in the Ottoman defter for the year 1555-6, located in the Nahiya of Tabariyya of the Liwa of Safad, with its land designated as Timar land.^[8]

In 1875 Victor Guérin visited, and described the village as rather ruined and built of basaltic stone, situated in a fertile valley.^[10] In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Yemma as having basaltic stone houses, containing 100 Muslims, on an arable plain. There were no gardens or trees, but two springs were near, and the village had cisterns.^[11] To the south-west of this site there was a supply of water among the rocks of the valley.^[12]

Yavne'el was established by the Jewish Colonization Association on lands bought by the Baron Rothschild, by villagers from Metula and from the Hauran region (Jewish settlers of the Hauran or "Horan" as it was called, had been evicted from there in 1898 by the Ottoman authorities).^[13]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Yabnieh (Yamma) had a total population of 447; 82 Muslims and 365 Jews.^[14] At the time of the 1931 census, Yavneel still had exactly the same population of 447; but now it was 56 Muslims and 391 Jews, in a total of 102 houses.^[15]

State of Israel

Located southwest of Tiberias, it was declared a local council in 1951. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Yavne'el had a population of 3,100 in 2008, with a growth rate of 1.4%. The local council is jointly responsible for Yavne'el, Beit Gan, Mishmar HaShlosha, and Smadar. Many organizations were established in Yavne'el, including the Israeli Farmers Union, the Galilee Squadron and the Golani Brigade.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}

Breslov City

In 1986, Rabbi Eliezer Shlomo Schick founded a Breslov community largely consisting of baalei teshuvah (newly religious) adherents in Yavne'el. As of 2015 this community, which calls itself "Breslov City", numbers nearly 400 families, representing 30 percent of the town's population.^[18] The community has its own educational and civic organizations, including a Talmud Torah, girls' school, yeshiva ketana, yeshiva gedola, kollel,^[19] beis medrash (study/prayer hall), and charity and humanitarian organizations.^[18]

Notable residents

References

1. ^[https://books.google.co.il/books?id=OpBdpj520hwC&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=yavneel&source=bl&ots=zW-eS6nlXD&sig=jJiWNpR89PTHvJnJVJdKQmd21Yw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=26_TUsOsCc-T0AXOi4CYAw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=yavneel&f=true Tradition, Innovation, Conflict: Jewishness and Judaism in Contemporary Israel, ed. Zvi Sobel and Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi]
2. ^¹²³⁴Leibowitz 1995, cited in Hanna, 2017, Yavne’el
3. ^¹²Brink, van den, 2017, Yavne’el, Tel Yin’am
4. ^Dalali-Amos, 2011, Yavne’el, Bet Gan
5. ^¹Hanna, 2009, Yavne’el
6. ^Hanna, 2017, Yavne’el
7. ^from a personal name, according to Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/138/mode/1up 138]
8. ^Rohde, 1979, p. 104
9. ^Karmon, 1960, p. 167.
10. ^Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n281/mode/1up 268]
11. ^Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/362/mode/1up 362]
12. ^Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/379/mode/1up 379]
13. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ben-Porat|first1=Amir|title=Immigration, proletarianization, and deproletarianization A case study of the Jewish working class in Palestine, 1882-1914|journal=Theory and Society|date=1991|issue=20|page=244}}
14. ^Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-District of Tiberius, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n41/mode/1up 39]
15. ^Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 85]
16. ^Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 12
17. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 73
18. ^¹"Harav Eliezer Shlomo Shick, zt"l, of Yavne'el". Hamodia, Israel news, February 12, 2015, p. 9.
19. ^Tzoren, Moshe Michael. "Away From the Hustle and Bustle of the Big City: Investors from Israel and abroad are buying up large lots in Yavniel, a quiet village in the Galilee, with an eye on building hundreds of housing units for the chareidi public". Hamodia Israel news, 23 December 2010, pp. A26-A27. Retrieved 29 January 2011.