| 词条 | Yisrael Katz (politician, born 1955) |
| 释义 |
|Name = Yisrael Katz |image = ישראל כץ (cropped).jpg |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|9|21|df=y}} |birth_place = Ashkelon, Israel |death_date = |death_place = |Knesset(s) = 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 |party1 = Likud |partyyears1 = 1998– |minister1 = Minister of Agriculture |ministeryears1 = 2003–2006 |minister2 = Minister of Transportation |ministeryears2 = 2009– |minister3 = Minister of Intelligence |ministeryears3 = 2015– |minister4 = Minister of Foreign Affairs |ministeryears4 = 2019– |}} Yisrael Katz ({{lang-he|ישראל כץ}}, born 21 September 1955) is an Israeli politician who currently serves as a member of the Knesset for Likud, as the Minister of Transportation, Minister of Intelligence, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and as member of the Security Cabinet of Israel. Early lifeKatz was born in Ashkelon to Meir and Malka Katz. His father was from Latvia and his mother was from Romania. He was raised on moshav Kfar Ahim. He drafted into the IDF in 1973. He volunteered as a paratrooper in the Paratroopers Brigade. He served as a soldier and a squad leader. In 1976 he became an infantry officer after completing Officer Candidate School and returned to the Paratroopers Brigade as a platoon leader. After his discharge in 1977, he studied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and graduated with a BA and an MA from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.[1] While studying at the Hebrew University in the early 1980s, he was chairman of the students' union. In March 1981, he was suspended for a year over his participation in violent activities to protest Arab violence on campus, including imprisoning rector Raphael Mechoulam in his room as a protest.[2] Political careerKatz won 34th place on the Likud-Gesher-Tzomet list for the 1996 elections, but missed out on a place in the Knesset when the alliance won only 32 seats. However, he entered the Knesset in November 1998 as a replacement for Ehud Olmert. He was re-elected in 1999 and 2003, and was appointed Minister of Agriculture in Ariel Sharon's government in 2003. Katz left the cabinet in January 2006 after the Likud–Kadima split, and was re-elected in the 2006 elections.[3] In January 2004, Katz announced a plan to substantially increase the number of settlers in the Golan Heights.[4] In March 2004, he suggested making a referendum among all registered members of Likud, which allowed Ariel Sharon, intent on mobilising public opinion to back his Gaza disengagement plan, to get round opposition within the Likud convention, dominated by Israeli settler pressure groups.[5] Katz along with Benjamin Netanyahu, Silvan Shalom and Limor Livnat announced that they would resign from the government within two weeks if Sharon did not agree to hold a national referendum on the pull out plan.[6] In the same period, he lobbied, together with the World Zionist Organization, to have $32 billion set aside to provide incentives and subsidies for settlements in the West Bank.[7] In March 2007, the Israel Police recommended indicting Katz on charges of fraud and breach of trust linked to political appointments at the Ministry of Agriculture during his tenure as minister. The report found 24 seasonal ministry employees were members of the Likud Central Committee or were children of committee members. The police transferred their investigative material to the central district prosecution,[8] which subsequently declined to prosecute.{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}} In the 2009 elections and after winning 11th place on the Likud list, Katz retained his seat and was appointed Minister of Transportation in the Netanyahu government.[9] In July 2009, he decided to replace existing road signs in Israel with new ones so that all the names appearing on them in English and Arabic would be a direct transliteration of their Hebrew names, instead of being directly in English and Arabic.[10][11] In February 2010, Katz was ordered by the High Court of Justice to issue instructions based on a committee's findings that gender segregation in public buses was illegal and that separate seating could not be coerced, as Haredis were doing. Katz, undertaking to implement the recommendations, responded that the buses could carry signs suggesting that gender segregation was voluntary. The Haredi community considered this failure of enforcement a victory.[12][13] Judges from the High Court of Justice criticized Katz's decision to allow continued operation of sex-segregated buses.[14] In July 2011, Katz confirmed that the state subsidizes bus tickets within West Bank settlements, causing them to be cheaper than tickets for rides within the Green Line. According to Katz, the move was intended to incentivize settlers to use armor-protected public transportation within the West Bank, which would ostensibly reduce state spending on stationing military and security escorts for non-armored, private vehicles.[15] Katz was re-elected in 2013 and remained Minister of Transportation in the new government.[16] After being placed fourth on the Likud list,[17] he was re-elected in 2015, after which he was appointed Minister of Intelligence in the new government, as well as remaining Minister of Transportation.[18] In February 2019, Katz assumed the position of Minister of Foreign Affairs.[19] ViewsOn peace and securityOn peace and security matters, Katz is considered to be a hardliner in the Israeli government.[20][21] He takes an annexationist view of the West Bank: he supports continued settlement construction,{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} extending full Israeli sovereignty to Judea and Samaria, and severing all relations with the Palestinian Authority.[22][23] He opposes the two-state solution and the creation of a Palestinian state in any form, which he regards as unacceptable considering "our rights to this land". Instead, Katz favors the creation of an autonomous Palestinian entity "with Jordanian civil and political affiliation", and connecting the Gaza Strip to Egypt.[24] He opposes any territorial retreat from the Golan Heights, captured from Syria during the Six-Day War, deeming it "an integral part of Israel and vital for its security and protection."[25] On terrorism and deterrenceIn the aftermath of the 2016 Brussels bombings, Katz caused some controversy when he made "harsh"[26] comments on Israel Radio about the inability of Belgium and the Western world to fight Islamic terrorism effectively. The Jerusalem Post quoted Katz as saying that, "The first rule of war is know your enemy, and Europe and the current American government are unwilling to define this war as against Islamist terrorism. If in Belgium they continue eating chocolate and enjoying life, and continue to appear as great democrats and liberals, they won't be aware that some Muslims in their country are organising terror, they won't be able to fight them."[26][27] The "chocolate-eating Belgians" remark was widely quoted in the Western media and ridiculed on Twitter,[28] and Katz was accused of giving Israel a bad image abroad as a result.[29] In March 2016, Katz introduced a bill to the Knesset to enable the Israeli government to deport the families of terrorists, if they are found to have been aware of, to have encouraged, or to have aided the act. The measure received broad support from the ruling coalition and key opposition MKs.[30] In March 2016, Katz argued that Israel should employ "targeted civil eliminations" against leaders of Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS). The expression puns on the Hebrew word for targeted assassinations.[31] On Polish peopleDuring an interview on Israeli TV, Katz quoted Yitzhak Shamir by saying that Poles "suckled anti-Semitism from their mothers' breasts," allegedly causing Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki to cancel his visit to Israel in February 2019.[32] Morawiecki said the remarks were “unacceptable” and “racist”.[33] On criticism against IsraelIn August 2014, after Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan accused Israel of attempting a "systematic genocide" of Palestinian Arabs in Gaza, on account of Israel's Operation Protective Edge military campaign, Katz publicly reminded Erodgan of the 1915 Armenian Genocide, rejecting any accusations for defending Israel against those he termed Erdogan's "friends in the Islamic movement".[34] Personal lifeKatz is married and has two children.[35] References1. ^[https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=69 Yisrael Katz: Particulars] Knesset 2. ^http://jpress.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI_Heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?parm=LAH8MYNH9SzwKZKQVq4hNbQB4Cd4dbumBEa8E9G64N4gIY4uqofbF%2BWIqejcrzTNYw%3D%3D&mode=image&href=DAV%2f1981%2f04%2f28&page=8&rtl=true 3. ^[https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=69 Yisrael Katz: Knesset activities] Knesset 4. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |title=MEED|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=u-NHAAAAYAAJ&q=Yisrael+Katz&dq=Yisrael+Katz&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEpvn_ueTMAhUGExoKHSRZDdg4ZBDoAQgmMAI|year=2004|volume=48|issue=1-12|publisher=Economic East Economic Digest|page=33}} 5. ^{{cite book |last=Pedahzur|first=Ami|title=The Triumph of Israel's Radical Right |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5mGv-rfsKJoC&pg=PA177&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=177|isbn=978-0199744701}} 6. ^{{cite book |last1=Singer|first1=David|last2=Grossman|first2=Lawrence|title=American Jewish |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4XECK3xQUbsC&q=Yisrael+Katz&dq=Yisrael+Katz&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik68CkteTMAhXGOBoKHX9ICNQ4FBDoAQg5MAU|year=2006|publisher=American Jewish Committee|pages=223|isbn= }} 7. ^{{cite book |last=Zelnick|first=Robert|title=Israel's Unilaterialism: Beyond Gaza|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lVEjy_3AySQC&pg=PA106&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2006|publisher=Hoover Press|page=106|isbn= }} 8. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |url=http://www.haaretz.com/police-indict-ex-minister-katz-for-cronyism-1.216457|title=Police: Indict Ex-minister Katz for Cronyism|work=Haaretz|date=23 March 2007|accessdate=26 August 2008}} 9. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1075341.html|title=Netanyahu sworn in as Israel's prime minister|work=Haaretz|date=1 April 2009|accessdate= }} 10. ^{{cite book |last=Suleiman|first=Yasir|title=Arabic, Self and Identity: A Study in Conflict and Displacement|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FQAiPgBRUkoC&pg=PA199#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=199|isbn=978-0199747016}} 11. ^{{cite book |last1=LeVine|first1=Mark Andrew|last2=Shafir|first2=Gershon|title=Struggle and Survival in Palestine/Israel|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WOhmuwKNMk4C&pg=PA402&dq=Yisrael+Katz+Hebrew+Arabic+English&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiJmtGFxOTMAhXM1xoKHQnhDHwQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=Yisrael%20Katz%20Hebrew%20Arabic%20English&f=false|year=2012|publisher=University of California Press|pages=199|isbn=978-0520262539}} 12. ^{{cite book |last=Sztokman|first=Elana Maryles|title=The War on Women in Israel: A Story of Religious Radicalism and the Women Fighting for Freedom|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=h6Q8BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT57&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2014|publisher=Sourcebooks, Inc.|pages=16–17|isbn=978-1492604594}} 13. ^{{cite book |last=Meydani|first=Assaf|title=The Anatomy of Human Rights in Israel: Constitutional Rhetoric and State Practice|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=OxYOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA126#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=126|isbn=978-1107054578}} 14. ^{{cite news |last=Friedman|first=Ron|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Court-slams-Katz-for-his-approach-to-sex-segregated-buses|title=Court slams Katz for his approach to sex-segregated buses|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=5 February 2010|accessdate=28 April 2016}} 15. ^{{cite news |last=Lis|first=Jonathan|url=http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israeli-minister-admits-state-subsidizes-public-transportation-for-settlers-1.375420|title=Israeli Minister Admits State Subsidizes Public Transportation for Settlers|work=Haaretz|date=26 July 2011|accessdate=19 May 2016}} 16. ^Government 33 Knesset 17. ^Likud list CEC 18. ^Government 34 Knesset 19. ^{{cite web | title=Netanyahu gives up role as Israel's foreign minister | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-minister/netanyahu-gives-up-role-as-israels-foreign-minister-idUSKCN1Q60G0 | date=February 17, 2019 | publisher=Reuters | accessdate=February 17, 2019}} 20. ^{{cite news |last=Boudreaux|first=Richard |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2009/sep/08/world/fg-israel-settlements8|title=Settlement permits placate Israeli hawks |location=Los Angeles|work=Los Angeles Times|date=8 September 2009|accessdate=20 May 2016}} 21. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/diplomacy-defense/140214-israeli-hawks-stage-march-against-peace-talks|title=Israel hawks stage march against peace talks|last=|first=|date=14 February 2014|publisher=i24news|location=|access-date=|via=|accessdate=20 May 2016}} 22. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/209816|title=Yisrael Katz Warns PA Against Declaring a State|work=Arutz Sheva|date=6 May 2011|accessdate=29 April 2016}} 23. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/227669|title=Yisrael Katz: Israeli Sovereignty in Judea and Samaria|work=Arutz Sheva|date=22 December 2011|accessdate=29 April 2016}} 24. ^{{cite news |last1=Lazaroff|first1=Tovah|last2=Harkov|first2=Lahav|url=http://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/Housing-Minister-says-ready-to-build-10000-homes-over-Green-Line-319453|title=Ariel, Katz oppose Palestinian state in West Bank|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=11 July 2013|accessdate=20 April 2016}} 25. ^{{cite book |last1=Mearsheimer|first1=John J|last2=Walt|first2=Stephen M|title=The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fqcQwUp-ShIC&pg=PT454&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|year=2014|publisher=Penguin Books|pages=454|isbn=978-0141031231}} 26. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Noack|first1=Rick|last2=Eglash|first2=Ruth|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/03/23/has-terrorism-become-the-new-normal-in-europe/|title=Belgians should stop eating chocolate and focus on fighting terror, says Israeli minister|work= |location= |publisher=The Washington Post|date=23 March 2016|accessdate=28 April 2016}} 27. ^{{cite news |last=Harkov|first=Lahav|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Israeli-minister-Katz-If-Belgium-continues-eating-chocolate-it-wont-be-able-to-fight-terror-448924|title=Israeli minister: Belgians who continue to eat chocolate, enjoy life can't fight terror|work= |location= |publisher=The Jerusalem Post|date=23 March 2016|accessdate=28 April 2016}} 28. ^{{cite news |last=Snowdon|first=Kathryn|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/israeli-minister-yisrael-katz-blames-chocolate-eating-belgians-for-brussels-attack_uk_56f2805fe4b08af01be9dddb|title=Israeli Minister Yisrael Katz Blames ‘Chocolate Eating’ Belgians For Brussels Attack|work= |location= |publisher=The Huffington Post|date=23 March 2016|accessdate=28 April 2016}} 29. ^{{cite news |last=Rapoport|first=Meron|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/israel-seeks-exploit-brussels-attacks-it-did-war-terror-376399825|title=Israel seeks to exploit Brussels attacks as it did with 'war on terror'|work= |location= |publisher=Middle East Eye|date=28 March 2016|accessdate=15 May 2016}} 30. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/likud-minister-submits-bill-to-deport-terrorists-families/|title=Likud minister submits bill to deport terrorists’ families|last=Newman|first=Marissa|last2=Ahren|first2=Raphael|date=9 March 2016|website=The Times of Israel|access-date=2016-05-17}} 31. ^{{cite news |last=Zonszein|first=Mairav|url=http://www.972mag.com/in-israel-bds-is-winning/118198/|title=In Israel, BDS is winning|work= |location= |publisher=+972 Magazine|date=28 March 2008|accessdate=15 May 2016}} 32. ^{{cite web |title=Poland and Israel Try to Improve Ties, but History Intrudes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/17/world/middleeast/israel-poland-relations.html |website=NYT |accessdate=18 February 2019|date=17 February 2019}} 33. ^{{cite web |title=Summit cancelled as Israel and Poland row over Holocaust |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/18/polish-israel-visit-holocaust |website=Guardian |accessdate=18 February 2019}} 34. ^{{cite news |last=Benari|first=Elad|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/183066#.Vz1yyJF97ct|title=Katz Hits Back at Erdogan: What About the Armenian Genocide?|work= |location= |publisher=Israel National News|date=18 August 2014|accessdate=19 May 2016}} 35. ^Yisrael Katz, Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs External links
17 : 1955 births|Living people|People from Ashkelon|Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni|Likud politicians|Ministers of Agriculture of Israel|Israeli Jews|Israeli people of Hungarian-Jewish descent|Israeli people of Romanian-Jewish descent|Israeli people of Latvian-Jewish descent|Members of the 14th Knesset (1996–99)|Members of the 15th Knesset (1999–2003)|Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–06)|Members of the 17th Knesset (2006–09)|Members of the 18th Knesset (2009–13)|Members of the 19th Knesset (2013–15)|Members of the 20th Knesset (2015–) |
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