| 词条 | Yokosuka E1Y | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Yokosuka E1Y was a Japanese floatplane of the 1920s. A single-engined biplane that was designed and developed by the Yokosuka Naval Air Technical Arsenal as a reconnaissance aircraft for the Imperial Japanese Navy, 320 were built as the Type 14 Reconnaissance Seaplane, entering service in 1925 and remained in operational service until 1932. Development and designIn 1921, the Japanese Naval Arsenal at Yokosuka started design of a single-engined reconnaissance floatplane to replace the Navy's Yokosuka Ro-go Ko-gata floatplanes. The resulting aircraft, the Type 10 Reconnaissance Seaplane{{ref label|Note1|a|a}} was designed by a team led by a member of a visiting delegation from Short Brothers of the United Kingdom. It was a single-engined two-bay, two-seat biplane powered by a 400 hp (298 kW) Lorraine-Dietrich engine. Two were completed in 1923, but showed poor performance due to being overweight. A modified aircraft, the Type 10 Model A flew in 1924, showing only slight improvement, while a further revised prototype, the Model B flew in 1925, this curing the aircraft's weight problems while demonstrating better stability and control. As a result, several pre-production Type Bs were built.[2] Although the Type 10 was not adopted by the Japanese Navy,[2] it was again redesigned, reducing the wingspan from 16.16 m (53 ft 0¼ in) to 13.99 m (45 ft 11 in) and reducing the empty weight from 1,912 kg (4,215 lb) to 1,660 kg (3,659 lb).[3] In this form, the revised design was accepted in January 1926 as the Type 14 Reconnaissance Seaplane, later receiving the short designation E1Y.[4] Two versions entered service in 1926, a two-seater powered by a {{convert|400|hp|abbr=on}} Lorraine-Dietrich 1 V-12 engine, the Type 14-1 or E1Y1, and a three-seater with all-metal floats and a more powerful Lorraine-Dietrich 2 W engine.[6] In 1928, the Type 14-2 was used as the basis for the Type 90-3 Reconnaissance Seaplane, of which about 20 were built as the Yokosuka E5Y1 and Kawanishi E5K1.[5] As the Type 90-3 showed little improvement over the Type 14-2 from which it was developed, in 1931, Yokosuka developed the further refined Type 14-3 Reconnaissance aircraft, with a new tail, a geared Lorraine-Dietrich 3 engine and significantly improved performance.[6] A total of 218 E1Y1 and E1Y2s were built by Yokosuka (23), Nakajima Aircraft Company (47) and Aichi (148). 102 E1Y3s were built by Aichi.[9] Operational historyThe E1Y1 and E1Y2 entered service in 1926, replacing Yokosuka Ro-Go Ko-Gata and Hansa-Brandenburg W.33 seaplanes, with the E1Y3 following them into service from 1931. The E1Ys formed the main reconnaissance seaplane equipment of the fleet, operating from battleships and seaplane tenders. E1Ys were operated from the seaplane tender Notoro during the Shanghai Incident of early 1932. The E1Y remained in use until the early part of the Second Sino-Japanese War.[6] Many E1Ys were sold as civil aircraft from 1932, usually converted with a cabin for three or four passengers. Some were fitted with Napier Lion engines.[11] Variants
Prototype reconnaissance seaplane, powered by 400 hp (298 kW) Lorraine-Dietrich 1 V-12 engine but overweight. Two built.[2]
Revised prototype, one built.[2]
Further modified prototype and pre-production aircraft.[2]
Initial production version, powered by 400 hp (298 kW) Lorraine-Dietrich 1.[6]
Modified version, with new all metal floats and 450 hp (336 kW) Lorraine-Dietrich 2 W-engine.[6]
an experimental version of the Type 14-2
Further improved version with new tail and improved performance.[6]
Civil conversion.[7] Operators
Specifications (E1Y2){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?= plane |jet or prop?= prop |ref=Japanese Aircraft, 1910-1941[8] |crew= 3 |capacity= |payload main= |payload alt= |payload more= |length main= 10.59 m |length alt= 34 ft 9 in |span main= 14.22 m |span alt= 46 ft 8 in |height main= 4.15 m |height alt= 13 ft 7½ in |area main= 54.2 m² |area alt= 584 sq ft |airfoil= |empty weight main= 1,889 kg |empty weight alt= 4,164 lb |loaded weight main= 2,750 kg |loaded weight alt= 6,062 lb |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |max takeoff weight more= |more general= |engine (prop)= Lorraine-Dietrich 2 |type of prop= 12-cylinder water cooled W-engine |number of props= 1 |power main= 336 kW |power alt= 450 hp |power original= |power more= |max speed main= 177 km/h |max speed alt= 96 knots, 110 mph |max speed more= |cruise speed main= 130 km/h |cruise speed alt= 70 knots, 80.5 mph |cruise speed more |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |stall speed more= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range main= 1,156 km |range alt= 624 nmi, 718 mi |ferry range main= |ferry range alt= |ferry range more= |ceiling main= 4,000 m |ceiling alt= 13,100 ft |climb rate main= |climb rate alt= |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance=*Endurance: 9 h
|guns= 1× flexibly mounted 7.7 mm machine gun |bombs= 2× 110 kg (240 lb) or 4× 30 kg (66 lb) bombs |rockets= |missiles= |hardpoints= |hardpoint capacity= |avionics= }} See also{{aircontent|see also= |related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists= }} Footnotes
References{{Commons category|Yokosuka E1Y}}
1. ^{{Harvnb|Donald|1997|p=922.}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{Harvnb|Mikesh and Abe|1990|p=272.}} 3. ^{{harvnb|Mikesh and Abe|1990|pp=272, 275.}} 4. ^{{Harvnb|Mikesh and Abe|1990|p=273.}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Mikesh and Abe|1990|pp=278–279.}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{harvnb|Mikesh and Abe|1990|p=274.}} 7. ^1 {{Harvnb|Mikesh and Abe|1990|pp=274–275.}} 8. ^1 {{Harvnb|Mikesh and Abe|1990|p=275.}} 9. ^{{Harvnb|Mikesh and Abe|1990|p=2.}}
6 : Japanese military reconnaissance aircraft 1920–1929|Floatplanes|Yokosuka aircraft|Biplanes|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1923 |
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