| 词条 | Yorkshire rebellion 1489 |
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The Yorkshire rebellion took place in England in 1489, during the reign of King Henry VII. Relatively little is known about this rebellion; its main account is found in Polydore Vergil's Anglica Historia.[1] PreludeParliament granted Henry VII a subsidy of £100,000 to help defend Brittany, an ally of England in its war against France.[2] King Henry sent Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland to collect taxes to help raise more money for this campaign. However, many of the people in Northumberland and Yorkshire claimed to have already paid their part through local taxes. They were unwilling to give more money to defend a country of no geographical threat to them, as Yorkshire and Northumberland are in Northern England, whereas Brittany is closer to Cornwall and London. The people of the North had also been affected by a poor harvest in 1488, already subjecting them to financial difficulty.[3] After having to pay for military action in Scotland, they were far less able to do so again.[3]RebellionRebellion broke out in April 1489. The Earl met with the rebels, but a scuffle broke out and he was killed.{{sfn|Fletcher & MacCulloch|2014|p=20}} The rebels then asked for pardon but were denied it by the king who sent a large army of 8,000 to the north, led by Thomas, Earl of Surrey.[4] The rebels dispersed and the rebel leader, John à Chambre was hanged for treason,[5] so they found a new leader in Sir John Egremont (an illegitimate member of the House of Percy). Unfortunately for the rebels, Egremont proved to be unreliable and fled to the Court of Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, a staunch opposer to Henry's rule.[5] AftermathThe results of this rebellion led the rebels to receive a royal pardon, and no further taxes were collected, thus Henry was unable to get enough money to defend Brittany. He also became aware of the lawless nature of the North of England, which had been loyal to King Richard III, who had spent more time in the North than any previous King of England.[5] Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, who was sent to deal with the Yorkist threat, was made into Henry's Lieutenant in the North.{{sfn|Fletcher & MacCulloch|2014|p=21}} With no estates or interests in the north, Surrey was able to spend many years reconciling the region to Tudor rule.[6] Henry faced no more significant, treason-based problems in the north.[7] References1. ^{{cite book |title=Oxford AQA history A level and AS component 1. The Tudors: England 1485–1603 |isbn=978-0-19-835460-4 |page=40}} 2. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SELeCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&lpg=PT48&dq=yorkshire+rebellion+1489&source=bl&ots=ALuM_N301l&sig=pw1BOLI56Uipt5qK0qwG4DB-Lro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kwajVaXFJsenNofWj-gN&ved=0CCMQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=yorkshire%20rebellion%201489&f=false |last1=Fletcher |first1=Anthony |last2=MacCulloch |first2=Diarmaid |title=Tudor Rebellions |edition=6th |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-1138839212}} 3. ^1 {{cite web | title=Yorkshire Rebellion | website=Gojimo | date=17 December 2017 | url=http://www.gojimo.com/yorkshire-rebellion/ | accessdate=16 November 2018}} 4. ^{{cite ODNB |last1=Head |first1=David M |title=Howard, Thomas, second duke of Norfolk (1443–1524), magnate and soldier |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-13939?rskey=NqbeAo&result=11 |website=www.oxforddnb.com |accessdate=25 February 2019 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-13939 |date=4 October 2012}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite ODNB |last1=Horrox |first1=Rosemary |title=Egremont, Sir John (b. 1459?, d. in or after 1505), rebel |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-57620?rskey=P4C2mR&result=1 |website=www.oxforddnb.com |accessdate=25 February 2019 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-57620 |date=4 October 2008}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=England 1485–1603 |last1=Murphy |first1=Derrick |last2=Keen |first2=Allan |last3=Tillbrook |first3=Michael |last4=Walsh-Atkins |first4=Patrick |publisher=HarperCollins UK|year=1999 |isbn=9780003271249 }} 7. ^{{cite web |title=The Yorkshire Rebellion of 1489 - History Learning Site |url=https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/tudor-england/the-yorkshire-rebellion-of-1489/ |website=History Learning Site|accessdate=15 November 2018}} Sources
7 : History of Yorkshire|1489 in England|Conflicts in 1489|Henry VII of England|Tax resistance in the United Kingdom|Tudor rebellions|15th-century rebellions |
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