| 词条 | Yosemite (sidewheeler) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The steamboat Yosemite operated for almost fifty years on San Francisco Bay, the Sacramento River, inland coastal waters and the lower Fraser River in British Columbia, and Puget Sound. DesignYosemite was built in 1862 at the yard of John Gunder North, in San Francisco. For a vessel built entirely of wood, Yosemite was enormous. She was 282' long after her rebuild following the 1865 boiler explosion, when 30' was added to her length.,[1] 35' beam (80' over the paddle guards) and 13' depth of hold, and rated at 1525 tons. She was a side-wheel steamer built entirely of wood with a single-cylinder "walking-beam" steam engine with a 57" bore and a 122" stroke.[2] Another source gives slightly different dimensions: 283.2' long, 34.8' on the beam, 13.6' depth of hold, and 1,319 tons.[3] Her paddle wheels were 32' in diameter and fitted with 10' long "buckets" (the maritime world for the wooden planks fitted to the wheel that acted as paddles) Turner, one of the most prominent Pacific Northwest maritime historians, described Yosemite as follows: {{Cquote|The Yosemite was a beautiful ship, with broad spacious decks and ample cabin, dining and lounge space. She was also powerful and fast, although somewhat unstable in exposed water during rough weather.[2]}}Service in CaliforniaYosemite was first placed in service by the California Steam Navigation Company in 1863 to run with Chrysopolis on the Sacramento River.[3][4] On October 12, 1865, as she was leaving the Rio Vista landing bound down river, her boiler (supposedly a safer "low-pressure" model) exploded, killing 55 people and scalding and injuring many more. She was equipped with new boilers then, and once again in 1876, after which she could reach a speed of {{convert|17|mi|km}} an hour. Railroad competition in California forced her to be laid up at Oakland from 1879 to 1883. Purchase by Canadian Pacific Navigation CompanyIn 1883, John Irving Commodore of the Canadian-Pacific Navigation Company, bought Yosemite from her then owners, the Central Pacific Railroad and brought her up to Vancouver to be one of the first vessels of the line.[2][3] Canadian OperationsYosemite proved to be a good purchase for Commodore Irving. Despite her reputation arising from the 1865 boiler explosion, Yosemite ran in Canadian waters for many years without significant trouble.[2] In 1883, she set a speed record of four hours and 20 minutes for the {{convert|72|nmi|km|adj=on}} run from Vancouver to Victoria, which stood until 1901, when the transpacific liner Moana made the run in four hours and one minute.[2] In those times, ships were subject to health quarantines, in particular for smallpox. Officials were sometimes too quick to declare a smallpox quarantine, which happened twice in July 1892 to Yosemite. Twice she was barred at Vancouver from landing passengers coming from Victoria and each time she simply landed them further up Burrard Inlet. Court action was necessary to persuade the Vancouver officials to allow Yosemite to land in their city.[2]Purchase by Canadian Pacific RailwayIn 1901, the Canadian Pacific Railway purchased all the steamship operations and vessels of the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company, including Yosemite, which with other older steamers of the line was placed in reserve to fill in for newer ships taken out for service, and to cover times of high traffic such as in the summer months.[2] By this time, Yosemite was almost 40 years old. Sale to Puget Sound Excursion LinesIn 1906, the Canadian Pacific Railway sold Yosemite to the Puget Sound Excursion Company.[2] This company had been organized by Capt. Thomas Grant to run cruises and excursions out of Seattle in connection with the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition. Once in Seattle, Yosemite was rebuilt somewhat by John B. Mitchell. The main deck and social hall were extended all the way forward to be flush with the bow, and a large dancing pavilion was installed.[3] By the spring of 1907, Yosemite was in operation under command of Captain Grant, carrying up to 1,000 passengers at a time from Seattle to Bremerton and around Bainbridge Island. Music was provided by Wagner's Band and food service by Lord and Meeks, a well-known Seattle catering firm.[3] The surviving photographs of Yosemite seem to always show an astounding number of people on her decks. This was in spite of the then recent loss of the General Slocum in New York, also a wooden sidewheeler, in which over 1,000 people had been killed in a fire, and the resulting threat by the Puget Sound steamboat inspectors to strictly enforce the limits on passengers that could be embarked on excursions and cruises.[5] Among other trips, in 1908, Yosemite carried almost the entire student body of the University of Washington out into Puget Sound to greet the Great White Fleet. In this particular trip, the vessel was obviously grossly overloaded, as the weight of the passengers caused her to heel so sharply over to port that the water came up to the bottom of the port side paddle wheel guard.[6] Boxing matches were held on her lower deck.[4] Perhaps somewhat incongruously with hosting boxing matches, Yosemite on July 20, 1907 or 1908, advertised a "Grand Temperance Excursion" tickets $1.00 each "under the auspices of the International Order of Good Templars": {{Cquote|The route will cover a trip to the beauty spots of Puget Sound, Port Madison, Agate Passage, etc., the U.S. Navy Yard at Bremerton and the Big Warships, the new "Nebraska," the old "Oregon," and half dozen others; the West Passage of Vashon Island, the Narrows of Puget Sound and the beautiful island vicinity above.[6]}}Another typical charter excursion was carrying the Georgetown Volunteer Fire Department, who were all employees of the Rainier Brewery.[7] In one atypical incident, in August, 1907, Yosemite rammed {{convert|30|ft|m}} into a dock in Seattle, knocking over a horse and wagon, apparently becoming the only paddlewheeler to collide with a harnessed horse.[8] WreckedYosemite was wrecked on July 9, 1909 at Port Orchard Narrows, in broad daylight. The circumstances of the wreck were never entirely cleared up. As she approached Bremerton through the narrows at about 6:20 p.m., with Capt. Mike Edwards in command, she suddenly veered sharply towards the shore at about {{convert|14|mi/h|km/h}}. Striking ground, her back was broken and she was a total loss. The captain said he expected the current to strike her differently than it did.[3] Although there were over 1,000 people on board, no one was killed or drowned, with the passengers and crew being taken on board the steamer Transport, the first on the scene, with Inland Flyer and Norwood standing by.[1][9]Yosemite had recently been sold to a real estate promoter, C.D. Hillman. He later was sent to prison, and this gave rise to talk and accusations that she had been wrecked recklessly or even deliberately for insurance.[3] This doesn't seem to square with the facts, as it would have required the collusion not only of her master, but also the pilot and two quartermasters who struggled to hold the ship on course, and strong tidal currents had wrecked and continue to wreck vessels.[1]External links{{Commons category|Yosemite (ship, 1862)}}Photograph of Yosemite in California service
Historic images from on-line collection of the University of Washington
Historic images from the British Columbia Provincial Archives
Websites
Notes1. ^1 2 Newell, Gordon R., Ships of the Inland Sea, at 89-91, Bindford and Mort, Portland, OR (2nd Ed. 1960) {{Steamboats British Columbia}}{{Mosquito Fleet}}{{California Steamboats}}{{coord unknown|Washington}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Turner, Robert D., Pacific Princesses – An Illustrated History of Canadian Pacific Railway's Princess Fleet on the Pacific Northwest Coast, at 11, 14-15, 23-24, 39-40, 92, 233, Sono Nis Press, Victoria, B.C., 1977 {{ISBN|0-919462-04-9}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Newell, Gordon R., ed., H.W. McCurdy Maritime History of the Pacific Northwest, at 121, n.5, and 167-68, Superior Publishing, Seattle, WA 1966 4. ^1 Faber, Jim, Steamer's Wake – Voyaging down the old marine highways of Puget Sound, British Columbia, and the Columbia River, at 24 and 147, Enetai Press, Seattle, WA 1985 {{ISBN|0-9615811-0-7}} (reprinting photographs of Yosemite departing San Francisco and docked in Sacramento) 5. ^"Steamers Being Held to Strict Letter of Law", Port Townsend Morning Leader, col 1, June 29, 1904 (accessed 2/24/2008) 6. ^1 Newell, Gordon R., and Williamson, Joe, Pacific Steamboats, at 3 and 20-21, Bonanza Books, New York NY 1958 7. ^Faber, at 180-81 (reprinting photograph of Georgetown Vol. Fire Dept. excursion; as with many photographs of Yosemite during this time, the decks were extremely crowded.) 8. ^Downs, Art, Paddlewheels on the Frontier, at 38, Suparior Publishing, Seattle, WA 1972 9. ^Faber, at 180-81 9 : Victorian-era merchant ships of Canada|Victorian-era merchant ships of the United States|Paddle steamers of British Columbia|Steamboats of Washington (state)|Sidewheel steamboats of Washington (state)|Steamboats of California|Shipwrecks of the Washington coast|Ships of CP Ships|California Steam Navigation Company |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。