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词条 New Zealand Order of Merit
释义

  1. Creation

  2. Composition

  3. Insignia and other distinctions

  4. Grand Companions and office holders

  5. Principal and Distinguished Companions

  6. Controversy

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2013}}{{Use New Zealand English|date=August 2013}}{{Infobox order
|title = New Zealand Order of Merit
|image =
|caption = Badge of the Order
|awarded_by = the monarch of New Zealand
|type = National order of merit
|motto = For Merit—Tohu Hiranga
|day =
|eligibility = Citizens of Commonwealth realms
|criteria = Meritorious service to the Crown and the nation or who have become distinguished by their eminence, talents, contributions, or other merits
|status = Currently constituted
|head_title = Sovereign
|head = Queen Elizabeth II
|head2_title = Chancellor
|head2 = Dame Patsy Reddy
|grades ={{plainlist|
  • Knight/Dame Grand Companion (GNZM)
  • Knight/Dame Companion (KNZM/DNZM)
  • Companion (CNZM)
  • Officer (ONZM)
  • Member (MNZM)

}}
|date = 30 May 1996
|first_induction =
|last_induction = 2018 New Year Honours
|total =
|recipients =
|individual =
| higher = Order of New Zealand
| lower = Queen's Service Order
| image2 =
| caption2 = Ribbon of the New Zealand Order of Merit
}}

The New Zealand Order of Merit is an order of merit in New Zealand's honours system. It was established by royal warrant on 30 May 1996 by Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand, "for those persons who in any field of endeavour, have rendered meritorious service to the Crown and nation or who have become distinguished by their eminence, talents, contributions or other merits",[1] to recognise outstanding service to the Crown and people of New Zealand in a civil or military capacity.

In the order of precedence, the New Zealand Order of Merit ranks immediately after the Order of New Zealand.

Creation

Prior to 1996 New Zealanders received appointments to various British orders, such as the Order of the Bath, the Order of St Michael and St George, the Order of the British Empire, and the Order of the Companions of Honour, as well as the distinction of Knight Bachelor.[2] The change came about after the Prime Minister's Honours Advisory Committee (1995) was created "to consider and present options and suggestions on the structure of a New Zealand Royal Honours System in New Zealand, which is designed to recognise meritorious service, gallantry and bravery and long service".[3]

Composition

The monarch of New Zealand is the Sovereign of the order and the Governor-General is its Chancellor. Appointments are made at five levels:

  • Knight or Dame Grand Companion (GNZM)
  • Knight or Dame Companion (KNZM or DNZM)
  • Companion (CNZM)
  • Officer (ONZM)
  • Member (MNZM).

The number of Knights and Dames Grand Companion (and Principal Companions) is limited to 30 living people. Additionally, new appointments are limited to 15 Knights or Dames Companion, 40 Companions, 80 Officers and 140 Members per year.[3]

As well as the five levels, there are three different types of membership. Ordinary membership is limited to citizens of New Zealand or a Commonwealth realm. "Additional" members, appointed on special occasions, are not counted in the numerical limits. People who are not citizens of a Commonwealth realm are given "Honorary" membership; if they subsequently adopt citizenship of a Commonwealth realm they are eligible for Additional membership.[4]

There is also a Secretary and Registrar (the Clerk of the Executive Council) and a Herald (the New Zealand Herald of Arms) of the Order.

Insignia and other distinctions

  • The Collar, worn only by the Sovereign and Chancellor, comprises "links of the central medallion of the badge" and "S"-shaped Koru, with the Coat of Arms of New Zealand in centre. Hanging from the Coat of Arms is the badge of the Order.
  • The Star is an eight-pointed star with each arm bearing a representation of a fern frond, with the Order's badge superimposed in the centre. Grand Companions wear a gold star and Knight Companions wear a silver star.
  • The Badge for the three highest classes is a gold and white enamel cross with curved edges bearing at its centre the coat of arms of New Zealand within a green enamel ring bearing the motto For Merit Tohu Hiranga, topped by a royal crown. The badge for Officers and Members is similar, but in silver-gilt and silver respectively. Grand Companions wear the badge on a sash over the right shoulder (though the Governor-General usually wears it as a neck decoration in lieu of the Collar); Knight Companions and Companions wear the badge on a neck ribbon (men) or a bow on the left shoulder (women). Officers and Members wear the badge from a ribbon on the left lapel (men) or a bow on the left shoulder (women).
  • The ribbon and sash are plain red ochre.

Knight/Dames Grand Companion and Knight/Dames Companion are entitled to use the style Sir for males and Dame for females.

The order's statutes grant heraldic privileges to members of the first and second level, who are entitled to have the Order's circlet ("a green circle, edged gold, and inscribed with the Motto of the Order in gold") surrounding their shield. Grand Companions are also entitled to heraldic supporters. The Chancellor is entitled to supporters and a representation of the Collar of the Order around his/her shield.[5]

Grand Companions and office holders

  • Sovereign: The Queen[6]
  • Chancellor and Principal Dame Grand Companion: The Governor-General[7]
  • Knights and Dames Grand Companion:
Member number Name Postnominals Known for Date of appointment Age
1 NZ}} The Rt. Hon. Sir William Francis Birchcountry=NZL|GNZMx|JP}} 38th Minister of Finance 1999 1934|04|09}}
2 UK}} {{flagicon|NZ}} The Rt. Hon. Dame Sian Seerpoohi Eliascountry=NZL|GNZMx|QC}} 12th Chief Justice of New Zealand 1999 1949|03|13}}
3 NZ}} Prof. Sir Lloyd George Geeringcountry=NZL|ONZ|GNZMx|CBE}} Theological scholar 2000 1918|02|26}}
4 NZ}} Dame Malvina Lorraine Majorcountry=NZL|ONZ|GNZMx|DBE}} Opera singer 2007 1943|01|28}}
5 UK}} {{flagicon|NZ}} Sir Raymond John "Ray" Averycountry=NZL|GNZMx}} Pharmaceutical scientist 2010 1947|01|01}}
6 NZ}} Sir Murray Frederick Brennancountry=NZL|GNZMx}} Surgeon, cancer researcher & medical academic 2015 1940|04|02}}
7 NZ}} The Rt. Hon. Sir John Phillip Keycountry=NZL|GNZMx|AC}} 38th Prime Minister of New Zealand 2017 1961|08|09}}
8 NZ}} Sir Stephen Tindallcountry=NZL|GNZMx}} Philanthropist 2019 1951|05|01}}
9 Vacant
10 Vacant
11 Vacant
12 Vacant
13 Vacant
14 Vacant
15 Vacant
16 Vacant
17 Vacant
18 Vacant
19 Vacant
20 Vacant
21 Vacant
22 Vacant
23 Vacant
24 Vacant
25 Vacant
26 Vacant
27 Vacant
Additional members
1 NZ}} The Rt. Hon. Sir Michael Hardie Boyscountry=NZL|GNZMx|GCMG|QSO|KStJ}} Former Governor-General 21 March 1996 1931|10|06}}
2 NZ}} The Rt. Hon. Sir Anand Satyanandcountry=NZL|GNZMx|QSO|KStJ}} Former Governor-General 23 August 2006 1944|07|22}}
3[8] NZ}} The Rt. Hon. Lieutenant General Sir Jerry Mateparaecountry=NZL|GNZMx|QSO|KStJ}} Former Governor-General 31 August 2011 1954|11|14}}
4 NZ}} The Rt. Hon. Dame Patsy Reddycountry=NZL|GNZMx|QSO|DStJ}} Governor-General 27 June 2016 1954|05|17}}
5 NZ}} The Hon. Dame Helen Winkelmanncountry=NZL|GNZMx}} 13th Chief Justice of New Zealand 4 March 2019 1962|00|00}}
  • Officials:

Two positions, (Secretary & Registrar and Herald) were created in the Statutes of the Order with all appointments published in the New Zealand Gazette.[9]

  • Secretary and Registrar: Michael L. C. Webster (18 March 2014)[10]
  • Herald: Philip O'Shea {{post-nominals|country=NZL|CNZM|CVO}} (23 September 1996)[11]

Principal and Distinguished Companions

From 2000 to 2009, the two highest levels of the Order were Principal Companion (PCNZM) and Distinguished Companion (DCNZM), without the appellation of "Sir" or "Dame".[12][13]

The following contains the names of the small number of members of the grades Principal Companion (PCNZM) and Distinguished Companion (DCNZM) who chose not to convert their appointment to a Knight or Dame Grand Companion, or Knight or Dame Companion, and thus not to accept the respective appellation of "Sir" or "Dame". The majority of those affected chose the aforereferenced appellations.

Member Number Name Postnominals Known for Date of appointment Age
Principal Companions
1 NZ}} The Hon. Dame Silvia Rose Cartwrightcountry=NZL|PCNZMx|DBE|QSO}} Former Governor-General 4 April 2001 1943|11|07}}
Distinguished Companions
1 NZ}} Vincent Gerard O’Sullivancountry=NZL|DCNZMx}} Writer and Actor 2000 1937|09|28}}
2 NZ}} Pauline Margaret O'Regancountry=NZL|DCNZMx|CBE}} Education 2001 1922|01|01}}
3 NZ}} Asst. Prof. Witi Tame Ihimaera-Smilercountry=NZL|DCNZMx|QSM}} Writer 2004 1943|01|28}}
4 UK}} {{flagicon|NZ}} The Rt. Rev. Penelope Ann Bansall "Penny" Jamiesoncountry=NZL|DCNZMx}} Former Bishop of Dunedin 2004 1942|06|21}}
5 NZ}} Cassia Joy Cowleycountry=NZL|ONZx|DCNZMx|OBE}} Writer 2005 1936|08|07}}
6 NZ}} Dr. Patricia Frances Gracecountry=NZL|DCNZMx|QSO}} Writer 2007 1937|01|01}}
7 NZ}} The Hon. Margaret Anne Wilsoncountry=NZL|DCNZMx}} Former Attorney-General of New Zealand 2008 1947|05|20}}
8 UK}} {{flagicon|NZ}} Nigel John Dermot "Sam" Neillcountry=NZL|DCNZMx|OBE}} Actor 2009 1947|09|14}}

Controversy

A change to non-titular honours was a recommendation contained within the original report of the 1995 honours committee (The New Zealand Royal Honours System: The Report of the Prime Minister’s Honours Advisory Committee) which prompted the creation of the New Zealand Order of Merit. Titular honours were incorporated into the new system before its implementation in 1996 after the National Party caucus and public debate were split as to whether titles should be retained.[14]

There has long been debate in New Zealand regarding the appropriateness of titles. Some feel it is no longer appropriate as New Zealand has not been a colony since 1907, and to these people titles are out of step with present-day New Zealand. Others feel that titles carry both domestic and international recognition, and that awarded on the basis of merit they remain an appropriate recognition of excellence.{{cn|date=May 2014}}

In April 2000 the then new Labour Prime Minister, Helen Clark, announced that knighthoods and damehoods had been abolished and the order's statutes amended. From 2000 to 2009, the two highest levels of the Order were Principal Companion (PCNZM) and Distinguished Companion (DCNZM), without the appellation of "Sir" or "Dame"; appointment to all levels of the Order were recognised solely by the use of post-nominal letters.[12][13]

A National Business Review[15] poll in February 2000 revealed that 54% of New Zealanders thought the titles should be scrapped. The Labour Government's April 2000 changes were criticised by opposition parties, with Richard Prebble of the ACT New Zealand party deriding the PCNZM's initials as standing for "a Politically Correct New Zealand that used to be a Monarchy".

The issue of titular honours would appear whenever honours were mentioned. In the lead up to the 2005 general election, Leader of the Opposition Don Brash suggested that should a National-led government be elected, he would reverse Labour's changes and re-introduce knighthoods.[16]

In 2009, Prime Minister John Key (later to become a Knight Grand Companion himself) restored the honours to their pre-April 2000 state. Principal Companions and Distinguished Companions (85 people in total) were given the option to convert their awards into Knighthoods or Damehoods.[17] The restoration was welcomed by Monarchy New Zealand.[18] The option has been taken up by 72 of those affected, including rugby great Colin Meads.[19] Former Labour MP Margaret Shields was one of those who accepted a Damehood, despite receiving a letter from former Prime Minister Helen Clark "setting out why Labour had abolished the titles and saying she hoped she would not accept one".[20] Clark's senior deputy, Michael Cullen, also accepted a knighthood.

Appointments have continued under the Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand, the first time Labour has been in government since 2008. The 2018 New Year Honours included seven knights and dames. The government has not commented on its position regarding knighthoods and damehoods, but the Prime Minister did specifically congratulate two women on becoming Dames Companion.[21]

See also

  • Special Honours 2009
  • New Zealand campaign medals
  • Orders, decorations, and medals of New Zealand
  • Orders and decorations of the Commonwealth realms
  • Order of Australia
  • Order of Canada

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://gg.govt.nz/honours |title=New Zealand Royal Honours |publisher=Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet |accessdate =21 August 2013}}
2. ^{{cite news |author=Prime Minister's Office |url=http://www.executive.govt.nz/93-96/minister/pm/pmn0205.htm |title=The New Zealand Order of Merit |publisher=New Zealand Executive Government News Release Archive |date=2 May 1996 |accessdate=22 February 2006}}
3. ^Statutes of the New Zealand Order of Merit (SR 1996/205), reg 9
4. ^Statutes of the New Zealand Order of Merit (SR 1996/205), regs 6-11
5. ^Statutes of the New Zealand Order of Merit (SR 1996/205), reg 50
6. ^Statutes of the New Zealand Order of Merit (SR 1996/205), reg 4
7. ^Statutes of the New Zealand Order of Merit (SR 1996/205), reg 5
8. ^Sir Jerry Mateparae held higher precedence as Chancellor and Principal Knight Grand Companion while Governor-General.
9. ^Statutes of the New Zealand Order of Merit, SR 1996/205, reg 51)
10. ^{{cite journal |url=http://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2014-vr2666 |title=The Queen's Service Order / The Order of New Zealand / The New Zealand Order of Merit |date=28 April 2014 |issue=44 |journal=New Zealand Gazette |page=1287}}
11. ^{{cite journal |url=https://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/1996-vr6205 |title=The New Zealand Order of Merit |date=26 September 1996 |issue=130 |journal=New Zealand Gazette |page=3198}}
12. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2000/0084/latest/DLM4467.html|title=Additional Statutes of The New Zealand Order of Merit (SR 2000/84)|website=NZ Parliamentary Counsel Office|accessdate=15 October 2016}}
13. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://medals.nzdf.mil.nz/news/articles/1999-2003/20000410.html|title=Titles discontinued|website=New Zealand Defence Force|date=10 April 2000|accessdate=5 July 2016}}
14. ^1 {{cite journal |url=http://www.geocities.com/noelcox/Review_of_Honours.htm |title=The Review of the New Zealand Royal Honours System |year=1997 |issue=75 |journal=New Zealand Numismatic Journal, Proceedings of the Royal Numismatic Society of New Zealand |pages=17–21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027170354/http://www.geocities.com/noelcox/Review_of_Honours.htm |archivedate=27 October 2009}}
15. ^National Business Review 24 March 2000
16. ^{{cite news |last1=Milne |first1=Jonathan |last2=Spratt |first2=Amanda |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/story.cfm?c_id=1&ObjectID=10343935 |title=Brash plans to bring back knighthoods |newspaper=New Zealand Herald |date=5 September 2005 |accessdate=15 June 2006}}
17. ^{{cite news |author=Prime Minister's Office |url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/titular+honours+be+reinstated |title=Titular Honours to be reinstated |publisher=New Zealand Government |date=8 March 2009 |accessdate=8 March 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522021249/http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/titular+honours+be+reinstated |archivedate=22 May 2010 |df=dmy-all }}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.geocities.com/cox_nz/150309.htm |title=Press Release – Knighthoods restored |website=Monarchist League of New Zealand |date=15 March 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807101154/http://geocities.com/cox_nz/150309.htm |archivedate=7 August 2009}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/2404830/Colin-Pinetree-Meads-to-take-knighthood |title=Colin 'Pinetree' Meads to take knighthood |website=NZPA |date=12 May 2009}}
20. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10590716 |title=Helen Clark Loses: Ex-Labour MP takes Title |newspaper=New Zealand Herald |date=14 August 2009 |first=Audrey |last=Young}}
21. ^Prime Minister congratulates Honours recipients

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20130504135917/http://www.honours.govt.nz/honours/overview/nzom The New Zealand Order of Merit] at Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Accessed 8 July 2013.
  • NZDF Medals – The New Zealand Order of Merit (Images)
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070403173626/http://gpacts.knowledge-basket.co.nz/regs/regs/text/1996/1996205.txt Statutes of the New Zealand Order of Merit] by Royal Warrant of 30 May 1996 (SR 1996/205). Accessed 22 February 2006.
  • ODM – New Zealand Order of Merit (Images)
{{NZ Orders}}{{DEFAULTSORT:New Zealand Order Of Merit}}

3 : Civil awards and decorations of New Zealand|New Zealand Order of Merit|Awards established in 1996
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