| 词条 | Yugoslav frigate Split | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Split (pennant number VPBR-31) was a Koni-class frigate acquired by the Yugoslav Navy (Jugoslavenska ratna mornarica; JRM) in 1980. Designated as large patrol boats with anti-submarine warfare and air defence capabilities, both Split and its sister ship Koper were eventually armed with launchers for four P-20 anti-ship missiles making them one of the best armed ships in the navy's inventory at the time. During the Croatian War of Independence Split took part in the Battle of the Dalmatian Channels where it was noted for shelling the city of Split after which it was named.{{sfn|Čolpa|8 October 2010}} With the withdrawal of Yugoslav Navy forces from Croatian territorial waters, Split, along with most of the fleets ships, was relocated to Montenegro. During the 1990s, it was redesignated as RF-31 and possibly renamed Beograd. The ship was decommissioned sometime between 2001 and 2005. After unsuccessful attempts of selling it as a complete warship, it was sold for scrap and broken up in 2013.{{sfn|Luković|21 August 2013}} Design and construction{{Main|Koni-class frigate}}During the 1970s the SFR Yugoslav Navy (JRM) was seeking surface ships to increase the overall firepower of its fleet, improving capabilities that were until then either obsolete or nonexistent on other ships in its inventory.{{sfn|Bernadić|2013}} Split was laid down in January 1978 at the A.M. Gorky Shipyard in Zelenodolsk as the fourth ship in its class (Projekt 1159). Launched on 21 April 1979, it was temporarily commissioned with the Soviet Navy on 30 November 1979 under the name Sokol. On 10 March 1980 it was acquired by the JRM for a price of 18.27 million dollars, given a new name, Split, and classified as a VPBR (hr. Veliki Patrolni BRod; en. Large patrol boat).{{sfn|Bernadić|2013}}{{sfn|Russian ships}} Split measured {{convert|96.51|m|abbr=off}} in length, had a beam of {{convert|12.56|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} and displaced {{convert|1590|t|LT}} while fully loaded. Like other Koni-class frigates it employed a CODAG type propulsion combining a single M-8G 20.000 hp gas turbine with two 8000 hp diesel engines giving it a maximum speed of {{convert|27|-|28|kn}}{{sfn|Bernadić|2013}} Power was also provided by one 200 kW and two 300 kW diesel generators.{{sfn|Russian ships}} The ship had a range of {{convert|4500|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|14|kn}} and an endurance of 10 days.{{sfn|Russian ships}} ASW weapons included two RBU-6000 launchers mounted side by side, controlled by the "Burya" fire control system with additional 120 rounds in storage, as well as twelve BB-1 conventional depth charges. Cannon armament consisted of two 76 mm AK-726 dual guns mounted on the ship's bow and stern with two AK-230 CIWS placed on the sides and controlled by the MR-104 "Ris" FCS. Air defence was provided by a single dual mount for the 4K33 "Osa-M" system with 20 additional missiles.{{sfn|Russian ships}}{{sfn|Bernadić|2013}} Four stern facing launchers for P-20 anti-ship missiles were installed soon after the ship was commissioned with the JRM.{{sfn|Jelavić|2003}} ServiceDuring the early stages of the Croatian War of Independence Split, often mistakenly referred to as a destroyer due to Croatian media propaganda, served as the command ship of the TG Kaštela (naval tactical group) which was tasked with enforcing the naval blockade of the Croatian coastline and islands due to secret supply or arms to Croatian nationalist leaders, and playing a command role in the Kastela Tactical naval Group of the Yugoslav Navy. In the early morning hours of about 03:30AM Croatians launched attack on the Yugoslav Patrol boat PČ-176 Mukos Mukos (PČ-176)">Mukos (PČ-176) with a guided homemade torpedo, killing 6 sailors during their sleep. After 05:30 AM on the same day Croatian nationalists from the HOS brought a 100mm MT-12 anti-tank cannon to Zvoncac (Split area) to act as coastal battery and opened fire on Yugoslav Naval Vessels in the Brac Channel. After more than one hour under constant attack of the HOS and their cannons in 100mm,85mm and 90mm caliber from Zvoncac, Bacvice, Solta and Brac, Yugoslav Navy responded to neutralize fire targets and observing points in the Split harbour. VPBR-31 Split operating under the code name "Sava" along with other ships of the tactical group opened fire on the city of Split and the islands of Brač and Šolta.{{sfn|Bernadić|2013}}{{sfn|Baras|14 November 2011}} exactly at 06:30, with the shelling ending at 07:15 - during that period Croatian media already proclaimed the attack on Split from the Yugoslav Navy. All of the Yugoslav Navy ships started retreating towards Vis with no visible damage.{{sfn|Bernadić|2013}} On 19 November Split was called in to rescue a convoy of overloaded JRM ships that was sailing from Pula to Vis across open sea during strong jugo winds. While rescuing the crew from one of the landing crafts, two sailors died because the ladder thrown to them from Split, accidentally hit them causing them to drown.{{sfn|Bernadić|2013}} After the retreat of all Yugoslav Navy forces from Croatia, Split was relocated to Montenegro where it was renamed Beograd in 1993{{sfn|Russian ships}} with its designation being changed to RF-31 (sr. raketna fregata; eng. missile frigate). Decommissioning and aftermathOn 17 August 2001 the FR Yugoslav Ministry of Defence decommissioned the ship declaring it redundant.{{sfn|Government of Montenegro|10 December 2013}} The ship was located within the "Sava Kovačevič" overhaul shipyard in Tivat until 2008 when it was berthed near a military object on Luštica. Due to the lack of any kind of maintenance, parts of the hull became corroded which resulted in several breaches so sea water needed to be pumped out from time to time.{{sfn|Luković|21 August 2013}}{{sfn|Luković|30 October 2011}} 2004 marked the last time Split sailed on its own during a demonstration for the representatives of the Sri Lankan Navy who were interested in buying the ship. Although the deal was near done, the catastrophic 2004 tsunami and subsequent damage prompted the Sri Lankans to stop the acquisition of all new military equipment, including the purchase of Split.{{sfn|Luković|30 October 2011}} In 2009 Split along with three other frigates was being sold for a price of 3.2 million euros, each.{{sfn|Krnić|30 October 2009}} In May 2011 the price for Split was reduced to 1 million euros, but again, no deals were made{{sfn|Government of Montenegro|10 December 2013}} In 2010 divers from Herceg Novi proposed reaching an agreement with Croatia and sinking the Split on the sea border of the two countries where it would become a diving site. The act was also to have a symbolic meaning of peace because the ship became notorious in Croatia after attacking the city after which it was named.{{sfn|Bioča|14 September 2010}}{{sfn|Luković|30 October 2011}}{{sfn|Kalajdžić|13 December 2010}} In October 2011 the Government of Montenegro adopted a document in which it was stated that attempts at selling the ship as a complete warship will stop, and it would instead be sold for scrap.{{sfn|Government of Montenegro|10 December 2013}}{{sfn|Seebiz|30 October 2011}} Before the scrapping took place, weapons systems, radio communication and other electrical equipment as well as two MTU 8V396 diesel generators that were installed in 1997 and 1999, were removed from the ship.{{sfn|Luković|10 April 2012}} On 19 August 2013 Split was towed away to a ship breaking yard in Durrës after being sold to an Albanian company for 400.000 euros.{{sfn|Luković|21 August 2013}} See also
NotesReferences
External links
6 : Koni-class frigates|Frigate classes|1976 ships|Ships built in the Soviet Union|Ships of the Yugoslav Navy|Military units and formations of the Croatian War of Independence |
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