“Nhulunbuy”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The alumina refinery closed in May 2014, which resulted in 1,100 workers being redeployed or made redundant,^[4] and reduced the Nhulunbuy population by 700 to 3,240 in the 2016 census.^[1]

History

This area in Northeast Arnhem Land has been home to the Yolngu Aboriginal people for at least 40,000 years.

Matthew Flinders, in his circumnavigation of Australia in 1803, met the Macassan trading fleet near present-day Nhulunbuy, an encounter that led to the establishment of settlements on Melville Island and the Cobourg Peninsula. A beach close to the township is named Macassan Beach in honour of this encounter.

In 1963, a Federal government decision excised part of the land for a bauxite mine to be operated by the North Australian Bauxite and Alumina Company (Nabalco).^[5] The Yolngu Aborigines at Yirrkala were strongly opposed, and forwarded a bark petition to the Australian House of Representatives, which attracted national and international attention, and which now hangs in Parliament House, Canberra.^[6]^[5]

To serve the mine, the town of Nhulunbuy was established, housing the workers and their families employed by Nabalco, which became Alcan in 2002. During the 1970s, the population rose to approximately 3,500 with 1,000 students at the combined primary and high school. A new high school was opened in 1981. The mine was later owned by Rio Tinto, which acquired Alcan in 2007.

Permits are required to drive to Nhulunbuy — over 700 km of unsealed roads — so most supplies and visitors are brought by air to Gove Airport or by sea.

Nhulunbuy is only 20 km from the Indigenous community of Yirrkala, famous for its Aboriginal art.

For the purposes of granting tax rebates to residents of isolated areas as per Section 79A(3F) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936, the census population of Nhulunbuy is taken to be less than 2,500,^[7] although it was in fact 3,240 in the 2016 census.^[1]

Education

Nhulunbuy includes three schools; Nhulunbuy Primary School, Nhulunbuy High School and Nhulunbuy Christian College. In 1999, the first classes of the Nhulunbuy Christian College (formerly known as Nhulunbuy Christian School) were held at the local TAFE centre, and in 2001 the first building of the new school was completed. In 2007 the NCC Middle School was opened and in 2008 the combined year 8/9 Class was first established.

Facilities

Refinery closure

On 29 November 2013, Rio Tinto announced the closure of the alumina refinery (but not the bauxite mine) by July 2014 with the loss of 1,100 jobs, or almost 25% of the town's population.^[4]^[8] The refinery ceased production in May 2014.^[9]

Nhulunbuy's population had already dropped by mid 2014, with some of the workforce retained to monitor the shutdown and survey holding ponds full of toxic compounds, but most will be gone by January 2015.^[2]^[2] A range of measures were announced to support the town and its former workers through the closure and the following three years, but locals anticipate further cuts to services since the school, hospital, power plant and flights were backed by Rio Tinto.^[10] The closure of the refinery also left flights on the Darwin-Nhulunbuy route to fall to around 50 to 60 per cent full, causing QantasLink to suspend flights on the route from 17 August 2014.^[11]

Media

As a result of the refinery curtailment and subsequent loss of advertising revenue, Gove's only source of local news, The Arafura Times, published its final issue in mid-October 2016.^[12]

In response to the closure of, Gove Online (http://www.goveonline.com.au) a not-for-profit community-led online initiative was established in December 2016, to offer an alternative source of local news, to promote the local region to a wider audience.

Climate

{{Weather box
|metric first=yes
|single line = yes
|location= Nhulunbuy
|Jan high C= 32.0
|Feb high C= 31.7
|Mar high C= 31.5
|Apr high C= 31.5
|May high C= 30.5
|Jun high C= 29.5
|Jul high C= 28.6
|Aug high C= 29.0
|Sep high C= 29.8
|Oct high C= 30.9
|Nov high C= 31.9
|Dec high C= 32.4
|year high C= 30.8
|Jan record high C= 35.7
|Feb record high C= 35.6
|Mar record high C= 35.7
|Apr record high C= 35.6
|May record high C= 34.0
|Jun record high C= 32.3
|Jul record high C= 31.2
|Aug record high C= 33.4
|Sep record high C= 34.6
|Oct record high C= 37.8
|Nov record high C= 37.3
|Dec record high C= 35.3
|year record high C= 37.8
|Jan low C= 25.5
|Feb low C= 25.2
|Mar low C= 24.9
|Apr low C= 24.0
|May low C= 23.2
|Jun low C= 21.5
|Jul low C= 20.5
|Aug low C= 19.9
|Sep low C= 21.1
|Oct low C= 22.9
|Nov low C= 25.1
|Dec low C= 25.9
|year low C= 23.3
|Jan record low C= 20.5
|Feb record low C= 22.0
|Mar record low C= 17.2
|Apr record low C= 20.5
|May record low C= 17.3
|Jun record low C= 15.5
|Jul record low C= 14.6
|Aug record low C= 14.0
|Sep record low C= 16.3
|Oct record low C= 15.1
|Nov record low C= 20.0
|Dec record low C= 21.2
|year record low C= 14.0
|rain colour= green
|Jan rain mm= 233.9
|Feb rain mm= 241.7
|Mar rain mm= 260.6
|Apr rain mm= 237.1
|May rain mm= 83.9
|Jun rain mm= 17.8
|Jul rain mm= 13.3
|Aug rain mm= 4.1
|Sep rain mm= 4.2
|Oct rain mm= 12.0
|Nov rain mm= 27.0
|Dec rain mm= 189.9
|year rain mm= 1305.3
|unit rain days=
|Jan rain days= 15.1
|Feb rain days= 15.6
|Mar rain days= 15.5
|Apr rain days= 12.5
|May rain days= 8.9
|Jun rain days= 5.7
|Jul rain days= 4.4
|Aug rain days= 2.2
|Sep rain days= 1.2
|Oct rain days= 1.6
|Nov rain days= 2.7
|Dec rain days= 9.7
|year rain days= 95.1
|source 1= ^[13]
}}

References

1. ^¹²{{Census 2016 AUS|id=LGA70208|mame=Nhulunbuy (State Suburb) |accessdate=11 April 2018|quick=on }}
2. ^¹²https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/11/-sp-boom-to-dust-uncertain-future-for-town-run-by-rio-tinto
3. ^http://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC70208?opendocument
4. ^¹{{cite web|last1=Perry|first1=Juliet|title=Voices from Gove: Can a mining town survive a shutdown?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-29684879|website=BBC News|accessdate=22 October 2014|date=21 October 2014}}
5. ^¹{{cite news|title=Novel Plea By Tribal Group|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131732996|accessdate=8 July 2017|date=15 August 1963}}
6. ^{{cite web|last1=Stewart|first1=Heather|last2=Rawlinson|first2=Clare|title=Yirrkala bark petitions: A turning point in recognition of Indigenous rights|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-07-10/yirrkala-bark-petitions-50-years-on/4809610|website=ABC|accessdate=8 July 2017|date=10 July 2013}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1936240/s79a.html|title=INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT ACT 1936 - SECT 79A|publisher=Australian Government|accessdate=11 January 2015}}
8. ^{{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Pat |date=29 November 2013 |title=About 1,100 jobs cut as Rio Tinto suspends production at Gove alumina refinery in the Northern Territory |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-29/rio-to-suspend-gove-alumina-refinery-in-northern-territoy/5124570 |publisher=ABC Online |accessdate=12 Feb 2014}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.riotinto.com/documents/141015_Third%20quarter%20operations%20report.pdf|title=Rio Tinto delivers another strong quarterly production performance|last=|first=|date=15 October 2014|website=|publisher=Rio Tinto|access-date=23 May 2015}}
10. ^{{cite news |last=McGrath |first=Pat |date=29 November 2013 |title=Rio Tinto reveals rescue package for future of Nhulunbuy after alumina refinery closure |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-02-04/rio-tinto-rescue-package-announcement-nhulunbuy-gove-alumina-re/5237144 |publisher=ABC Online |accessdate=12 Feb 2014}}
11. ^{{cite news |last=Tsang |first=Daniel |date=7 August 2014 |title=Qantas faces defining moment |url=http://www.aspireaviation.com/2014/08/07/qantas-defining-moment/ |publisher=Aspire Aviation |accessdate=21 August 2014}}
12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2016/10/21/east-arnhem-land-newspaper-arafura-times-closes-down|title=East Arnhem Land newspaper 'Arafura Times' closes down|work=NITV|access-date=2018-04-10|language=en}}
13. ^{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref =cw_014512 |site_name = Nhulunbuy DTW |accessdate=26 November 2011}}