| 词条 | Nicholas Herkimer |
| 释义 |
Nicholas Herkimer (Herchheimer; c. 1728 – August 16, 1777) was an American patriot militia brigadier general during the American Revolutionary War. He died of wounds after the Battle of Oriskany. Early life and careerHerkimer was the son of Palatine German immigrants Catherine Petrie and Johann Jost Herchheimer, from the parish of Leimen in the Palatinate.[1] He was born in the vicinity of German Flats in the Mohawk Valley of the Colony of New York, and was the elder brother of Loyalist Captain Johan Jost Herkimer. Nicholas was of slender build, with a dark complexion and black hair; he was not quite six feet tall. He could speak German, English and Mohawk. During the attack on German Flatts in the French and Indian War, he was involved in its defense. He was made a captain in the militia on January 5, 1758, and he repelled a second attack on German Flatts in April of that year. Herkimer built his new house in 1764 on the south shore of the Mohawk River, near the falls and the present-day city of Little Falls. He held a number of African slaves as workers on his estate.[2] Nicholas Herkimer joined the Scottish Rite Freemasonry, being initiated in the St. Patrick's Lodge, Johnstown, NY[3][4]. American RevolutionIn July and August 1775 Herkimer headed the Tryon County Committee of Safety, and became colonel of the district militia. After the split in which Loyalist militia members from the area withdrew to Canada, he was commissioned a brigadier general in the Tryon County militia by the Provincial Congress on September 5, 1776. In June 1776, he led 380 men of the Tryon County militia to confront Joseph Brant (Mohawk) at Unadilla, New York. Herkimer asked the Mohawk and five other Iroquois nations to remain neutral, while Brant said the Indians owed their loyalty to the King. When Herkimer learned of the siege of Fort Stanwix to the west in late July 1777, he ordered the Tryon County militia to assemble at Fort Dayton. He marched them out to Fort Stanwix, about 28 miles to the west. His force marching in column was ambushed on August 6 by a mixed force of British regulars, Tory militia, and Mohawk in the Battle of Oriskany. Herkimer's horse was shot, and he was seriously wounded in the leg. In spite of his injuries, he sat propped up against a tree, lit his pipe, and directed his men in the battle, rallying them to avoid two panicked retreats. When they withdrew, they carried him home. The brigade surgeon, William Petrie, dressed Herkimer's wound in the field and placed him on a litter. The wound quickly became infected, but the decision to amputate the leg was delayed for about ten days after the battle. The operation was performed by an inexperienced surgeon, Robert Johnson, because Petrie had also been wounded in the battle and was not available. The operation went poorly, the wound bled profusely, and Herkimer died of the injury on August 16, at around the age of 49. LegacyHerkimer's home, in what is now Little Falls, New York, is preserved as the Herkimer Home State Historic Site. Herkimer County, New York was named in his honor.[5] His nephew, John Herkimer, later became a U.S. Congressman. FBI Associate Director Mark Felt, who was the Watergate scandal informant known as "Deep Throat," was a descendant of Herkimer. In popular culture
ReferencesNotes1. ^Jones, Henry Z. Jr., Palatine Families of New York 1710; 1985, Vol. 1, p. 388 Further reading2. ^Falk, Cynthia G. "Forts, Rum, Slaves, and the Herkimer’s Rise to Power in the Mohawk Valley," New York History, 89 (Summer 2008), 221–34. 3. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.matawanlodge.org/famous.htm | title = U.S. Famous Freemasons | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080510153526/http://www.matawanlodge.org/famous.htm | archive-date = May 10, 2008 | deadurl = no}} 4. ^{{cite web | url = http://mastermason.com/PGH32/famousmasons.html | title = Famous Master Mason | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160104173702/http://mastermason.com/PGH32/famousmasons.html | archive-date = Jan 4, 2016 | deadurl = no}} 5. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA155#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=155}}
External links{{commons category|Nicholas Herkimer}}
11 : 1728 births|1777 deaths|British military personnel of the French and Indian War|American people of German descent|Military personnel killed in the American Revolutionary War|Militia generals in the American Revolution|New York (state) militiamen in the American Revolution|People from German Flatts, New York|People from Little Falls, New York|German Palatines|Herkimer County, New York |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。