1. Early life and education

2. Personal life

3. Early career

4. Hayek Engineering

5. Swatch Group

6. Death

7. Press

8. Video

9. References

Nicolas George Hayek (19 February 1928 – 28 June 2010), was a Lebanese-American Swiss businessman, co-founder, CEO and Chairman of the Board of The Swatch Group,^[2] with principal headquarters in Biel/Bienne.

Early life and education

Hayek was born, the second of three children, to a Lebanese mother and a Lebanese-American father, both from Greek Orthodox Christian Lebanese families with roots in Lebanon's Northern Governorate of El-Koura. His father was trained as a dentist at Loyola University Chicago. His older sister Mona is the widow of the Lebanese architect Joseph Philippe Karam.^[3] His younger brother Sam, also a Swiss citizen, is a former CEO of the Swiss group Sibra (Biere Cardinal).^[4]

Hayek studied mathematics, physics, and chemistry at the University of Lyon.

Personal life

In 1950, Hayek met Marianne Mezger in Beirut, a young Swiss au pair and daughter of Swiss industrialist Eduard Mezger. They married in 1951 and moved to Switzerland. They had two children, Nayla and G. Nicolas (Nick) Jr. In 1964, the family moved to Meisterschwanden, a village 35 kilometres west of Zürich. Hayek lived there for the rest of his life.

In 2010, Hayek was ranked the world's 232nd richest person with an estimated net worth of $US3.9 billion.^[5]

Hayek was awarded the title of Doctor honoris causa of Law and Economics of the Faculty of Beni Culturali of the University of Bologna (Italy) in June 1998, after being awarded doctor honoris causa of Law and Economics of the University of Neuchatel in 1996.

Early career

Hayek started his business career working as an actuary for Swiss Re.^[6] He then assumed briefly the management of the engineering firm owned by his then ailing father-in-law, Eduard Mezger. He soon relinquished this position to search for an opportunity "to learn something new every day".{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Hayek Engineering

In 1963, Hayek founded his own management consulting firm, the Zurich-based Hayek Engineering.^[7] Hayek made his mark quickly on the Swiss and European business scene by consulting and effecting successful turnarounds at several of the largest European multinationals. One of his management credos was: "The rarest resources are entrepreneurial types in top management." By 1979, Hayek Engineering had over 300 clients in 30 countries. Hayek was Chairman of the Board and CEO of Hayek Engineering from its founding until his death.{{Citation needed|date=October 2017}}

Swatch Group

In the early 1980s, Hayek was asked by a group of Swiss bankers to oversee a liquidation of ASUAG and SSIH, two Swiss watch-making firms which were in turmoil due to heavy competition from Japanese watch manufacturers such as Seiko and Citizen Watch. Hayek believed that the Swiss watch manufacturing industry could remain competitive and that ASUAG/SSIH could recover after a restructuring of operations and a repositioning of the different brands.^[8]

Hayek identified problems in products, policies and distribution as well as outdated leadership that needed to be changed.^[9] "ASUAG for example owned more than 100 separate companies – some big, some small, some modern, some backward. Most of these companies did their own marketing, R&D and assembly. It was crazy." ^[10]

Hayek invested heavily in automation and the standardization of parts and tooling. This produced economies of scale and improved quality. Production was centralized, and parts were designed to be interchangeable.^[11]

The restructuring of the companies coincided with the invention of the Swatch watch which used only 51 parts, as opposed to the nearly 100 parts needed to make a traditional wristwatch without compromising on accuracy or quality^[12] and thus was cheaper to manufacture. The Swatch watch helped the Swiss watch industry reconquer a large share of the lower end of the watch market which it had lost to Japanese makers. Although the colorful plastic watch became quickly known for its flamboyant marketing, Hayek always emphasized that the Swatch watch was first and foremost a technological breakthrough.{{Citation needed|date=October 2017}}

Having spearheaded the reorganization of ASUAG and SSIH for more than four years, finally bringing about their merger, Hayek, with a group of Swiss investors, took over a majority shareholding in the new group in 1985. He became chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer in 1986. The merged company was initially named Société Suisse de Microélectronique et d'Horlogerie, or SMH. It later changed its name to Swatch Group.

Hayek played a decisive role in the recovery of the Swatch Group with its watch brands Swatch, Blancpain, Omega, Longines, Rado, Tissot, Certina, Mido, Hamilton, Pierre Balmain, Calvin Klein, Flik Flak, Breguet and Lanco. The strategies he developed in the early 1980s led to the success of the entire Swiss watch industry and regained its leading position worldwide since 1984.

Hayek is also credited with having a fundamental role in the creation of the Smart Car, a small European car created for inner city use by Mercedes-Benz. Original names for the car revolved around the Swatch name — and even today aspects of the car such as its interchangeable body panels are clearly linked with the Swatch philosophy. The name "Smart" was derived by adding the first letters of Swatch and Mercedes to the word "art".

In 1995, Hayek's daughter Nayla joined the Board of Directors of the Swatch Group and in early 2010, she became co-Vice-Chairman of the Board. In 2003, his son Nick Jr. became the CEO of the Swatch Group.^[13] Hayek remained Chairman of the Board of the Swatch Group until his death. On 30 June 2010, two days after his death, the Board elected Nayla to replace him as Chairman.

Death

Hayek died unexpectedly on 28 June 2010 of cardiac arrest during work at the Swatch Group headquarters in Biel.^[14]

Press

• Harvard Business Review, March–April 1993. Message and Muscle: An Interview with Swatch Titan Nicolas Hayek^[15]
• Wall Street Journal Interview, June 2010. Nicolas Hayek: Time Bandit^[16]

Video

• Video (French), TSR Interview, 1988^[17]
• Video, CBC Interview from the 1990s, Part 1^[18]
• Video, CBC Interview from the 1990s, Part 2^[19]
• Video (French), Q&A with L'Hebdo, May 2009^[20]
• Video (French), Pardonnez-moi, L'Interview de Darius Rochebin^[21]
• Video (French), TSR News Report, June 2010^[22]

References

• Hamilton Wanderers
• Hamilton Ward (City of Brisbane)
• Hamilton Ward, Jr.
• Hamilton Ward (Kenyan politician)
• Hamilton Ward, Sr.
• Hamilton Waterworks
• Hamilton/Wenham (MBTA station)
• Hamilton West (electoral district)
• Hamilton West (provincial electoral district)
• Hamilton West—Ancaster—Dundas (provincial electoral district)
• Hamilton Wildcats (Canadian football)
• Hamilton–Fulton–Montgomery BOCES
• Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation for risk aversion
• Hamilton–Koroit railway line
• Hamilton–Mohun Duel
• Hamilton–Reynolds sex scandal
• Hamilton–Rosberg rivalry
• Hamilton’s pond turtle
• Hamiltosporidium
• Hamiltunes
• Hamina Tattoo
• Ham in Picardy
• Hamin, Syria
• Hamiora Mangakahia
• Hamiota (genus)