| 词条 | Nidana |
| 释义 |
BuddhismNidana doctrines of Buddhism are attributed to Shakyamuni Buddha.{{cn|date=May 2016}} It has two specific meanings. The more common use refers to the Twelve nidanas or "a concatenation of cause and effect", which is the cycle of rebirth as described by Gautama upon which a re-becoming is thought by Buddhists to rest, which is also called the twelve links of 'dependent origination'.[5]The term is also less commonly used with reference to the jhanas or stages of Buddhist meditation. The Twelve nidanas of samsara describe the stages of successive rebirths, based upon ignorance, while the nidana of the jhanas, by contrast, arises from spiritual practice.{{cn|date=May 2016}} An important example of nidanas in Buddhism, is the Twelve Nidānas doctrine where each link is asserted as a primary causal relationship between the connected links.[5][6] These links present the mechanistic basis of repeated birth, Samsara, and resultant Dukkha (suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness) starting from avidyā (ignorance, misconceptions).[5] HinduismThe term Nidana appears in numerous ancient and medieval Hindu texts wherein it means "first cause, primary cause, original or essential cause".[4] This includes the Upanishads that include theosophical speculations,[4] as well as medical texts such as Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita where a large sub-book is titled Nidana-sthana,[7] as well as in chapters of the Puranas, wherein these discuss cause of disease or various natural phenomena.[4] See also
Notes1. ^{{cite book|author1=Robert E. Buswell Jr. |author2=Donald S. Lopez Jr. |title=The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DXN2AAAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-4805-8 |pages=583 }} 2. ^{{cite book|author1=Thomas William Rhys Davids |author2=William Stede |title=Pali-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Guw2CnxiucC |year=1921 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1144-7 |page=358' }} 3. ^[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.११४ Rigveda 10.114], Wikisource, Quote: तिस्रो देष्ट्राय निरृतीरुपासते दीर्घश्रुतो वि हि जानन्ति वह्नयः । तासां नि चिक्युः कवयो निदानं परेषु या गुह्येषु व्रतेषु ॥२॥ 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|author=Monier Monier-Williams|title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3NWAAAAcAAJ|year=1872|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=486}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Peter Harvey|editor=Steven M. Emmanuel|title=A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ |year=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-119-14466-3|pages=50–59}} 6. ^{{cite book|author1=Robert E. Buswell Jr. |author2=Donald S. Lopez Jr. |title=The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DXN2AAAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-4805-8 |pages=583 }} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Malavika Kapur |title=Psychological Perspectives on Childcare in Indian Indigenous Health Systems |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7r-CQAAQBAJ |year=2015|publisher=Springer |isbn=978-81-322-2428-0 |pages=12 }} 2 : Buddhist philosophical concepts|Buddhist terminology |
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