| 词条 | Étienne Oehmichen |
| 释义 |
| name = Étienne Oehmichen | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date ={{Birth date|1884|10|15|df=y}} | birth_place = Châlons-en-Champagne | death_date = {{Death date and age|1955|7|10|1884|10|15|df=y}} | death_place = Paris | nationality = France | other_names = | known_for = helicopter designer |alma_mater = École Centrale Paris | occupation = engineer }} Étienne Edmond Oehmichen ({{IPA-fr|ømiʃɛn|lang}}; 15 October 1884, in Châlons-sur-Marne Châlons-en-Champagne – 10 July 1955, in Paris) was a French engineer and helicopter designer. BiographyOehmichen studied at École Centrale Paris. He patented the first electric stroboscope in 1917,[1] building at the same time a camera capable of shooting 1,000 frames per second. His first successful flight with a helicopter took place on 18 February 1921. On 11 November 1922, he first flew 'Oehmichen No.2', an improved helicopter featuring small vertically mounted rotors which rotated in the opposite direction from the large lifting rotors, probably creating the first reliable flying helicopter capable of carrying a person. This work later led to the development of the tail rotor. On 14 April 1923, he broke the existing record for helicopter flight with a flight of 360m[2] and 525m[3] a few days later, just before being surpassed by Raúl Pateras Pescara. On 4 May 1924 he won a prize of 90,000 French Francs[4] for the first successful closed circuit helicopter flight following a triangular trajectory with a length of approximately one km, a flight which took approximately 7 minutes and 40 seconds. The same year, he made a flight with two passengers.[5] In 1931 Oehmichen invented and tested a type of blimp he called the "Hélicostat", controlled by four movable propellers, which could hover, take off, and land without ground crew.[6] Oehmichen was also a biologist and studied insect wing function, especially in dragonflies. He worked at the Collège de France in Paris for 30 years until his retirement. PublicationsHis writing and photographs contained observations of the bird and insect flight.
References1. ^{{fr icon}} Les grands Centraux : Étienne Œhmichen (1884-1955] - Centrale-Histoire - École centrale Paris 2. ^"FAI Record ID #13093 - Straight distance. Class E former G (Helicopters), piston {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020606/http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=13093 |date=2016-03-05 }}" Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Retrieved: 21 September 2014. 3. ^"FAI Record ID #13095 - Straight distance. Class E former G (Helicopters), piston" Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Retrieved: 21 September 2014. 4. ^John M. Seddon et Simon Newman, Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics, John Wiley and Sons, 2011, [https://books.google.com/books?id=X_X3nOODGLgC&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=90+000+francs+oehmichen+1924&source=bl&ots=eHbRwXVpKd&sig=hXhBPNO1V5Z_9YcTHzPEjPFt8zQ&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=lk77TvmbM4brObLeoacB&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=90%20000%20francs%20oehmichen%201924&f=false page 4] 5. ^[https://www.flickr.com/photos/amphalon/6099854659/in/photostream/lightbox/ Étienne Oehmichen Flying Machine] - Flickr 6. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=DygDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA61&dq=Popular+Mechanics+1931+curtiss&hl=en&ei=-qoFTavkK4fQnAecoKTlDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q=Popular%20Mechanics%201931%20curtiss&f=true "Helicopter Inventor Designs One Man Blimp", November 1931, Popular Science] 7. ^{{fr icon}} Oehmichen, Étienne (1884-1955) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824041904/http://www.imec-archives.com/fonds_archives_fiche.php?i=OHM |date=2011-08-24 }} - Institut Mémoires de l'édition contemporaine (IMEC) External links
4 : French inventors|1884 births|1955 deaths|20th-century inventors |
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