| 词条 | Île Vierge |
| 释义 |
|France Finistère |label=Île Vierge |caption=Location of Île Vierge within Finistère |coordinates={{coord|48|38.4|N|4|34.1|W}} }}Île Vierge (Breton language: Enez-Werc'h) is a {{convert|6|ha|adj=on}}[1] islet lying {{convert|1.5|km}} off the north-west coast of Brittany, opposite the village of Lilia.[2] It is in the commune of Plouguerneau, in the département of Finistère.[2] It is the location of the tallest stone lighthouse in Europe,[1] and the tallest "traditional lighthouse" in the world.[2] The International Hydrographic Organization specifies Île Vierge as marking the south-western limit of the English Channel.[3] HistoryAbout 1450, the Conventual Franciscans established an abbey on the island.[1] The name "Île Vierge" probably comes from a chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.[1] In 1507, the monks moved to Aber Wrac'h on the mainland.[1] In 1844, the French state purchased the island [1] from sieur Goyon de Coëpel for 6,000 francs.[4] The lighthouses{{Infobox lighthouse| item = Q1639005 | name = Île Vierge Lighthouse | image_name = Breizh-122.JPG | image_width = | caption = | location = Île Vierge, Finistère France | pushpin_map = France | relief = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = France | pushpin = lighthouse | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates = {{coord|48.638888|N|4.567493|W}} | coordinates_footnotes = | yearbuilt = 1845 (first) | yearlit = 1902 (current) | automated = | yeardeactivated = | foundation = | construction = stone tower (first) granite tower (current) | shape = square tower with balcony and lantern (first) tapered cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern (current) | marking = white tower and lantern (first) unpainted tower, green lantern dome (current) | height = {{convert|31|m|ft}} (first) {{convert|82.5|m|ft}} (current) | focalheight = {{convert|77|m|ft}} (current) | lens = 4 Fresnel lenses | currentlens = | lightsource = | intensity = | range = {{convert|50|km}}[5] | characteristic = Fl W 5s. | fogsignal = | racon = | admiralty = A1822 | canada = | NGA = 114-7716 | ARLHS = FRA-038[6] | USCG = | country = | countrynumber = | countrylink = | managingagent = | heritage = | module = }} The first lighthouse was a square tower {{convert|33|m}} high constructed in 1842–45.[1] It started operation on 15 August 1845,[1] feast day of the Assumption of the Virgin.[7] It had a fixed white light visible for {{convert|14|nmi}}.[1] It remained in use while the second lighthouse was under construction in 1896–1902. A foghorn was installed in 1952, replaced in 1993 by an electric beacon.[1] The newer lighthouse is {{convert|82.5|m}} tall, made of blocks of granite. The external face is a truncated cone; the interior face is cylindrical, lined with 12,500 opaline glass tiles made by Saint-Gobain.[1] There are five steps to the front door; inside, 360 steps of stone and 32 of iron lead to the lamp platform.[1] The electric lamp was installed in 1952 on the original mechanical turning plate, sitting in a bath of mercury.[1] The plate was replaced with an electric motor in 1983.[1] The lamp has four lenses with a focal length of 0.5m.[1] The twin beam gives a white flash every 5 seconds, visible for {{convert|27|nmi}}.[1] Electrical generators were installed in 1959, supplemented in 1967–1994 by two wind turbines.[1] The light and rotation are activated automatically by a photoelectric sensor.[1] Although the lighthouse is automated, the site is still manned.[8] The island is open to the public from April to September, as is the lighthouse, by appointment.[1] The number of visitors was 5,944 in 2003; 5,974 in 2004; 7,371 in 2005.[9] See also{{stack|{{Portal|France}}}}
Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 {{cite web |url=http://www.finistere.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/article.php3?id_article=553 |title=Phare de l’île Vierge |date=30 June 2006 |work=Sécurité maritime - Les Phares et Balises |publisher=Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Sea |accessdate=19 December 2009 |location=France |language=French}} 2. ^{{cite rowlett|tallest}} 3. ^{{cite book |url=http://www.iho.shom.fr/publicat/free/files/S23_1953.pdf |title=Limits of Oceans and Seas |edition=3rd + corrections |year=1971 |publisher=International Hydrographic Organization |accessdate=19 December 2009 |page=42 [corrections to page 13]}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www2.finistere.equipement.gouv.fr/spip29/mer/phares_balises/esm/ILEVIERGE.html |title=DDE 29: L'Île Vierge |publisher=Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Sea |language=French |date=21 September 2005 |work=DDE du Finistère |accessdate=20 December 2009}} 5. ^{{Cite book|title=100 Landmarks of the World|last=Jollands|first=Beverley|last2=Fisher|first2=Paul|publisher=Parragon|year=2011|isbn=978-1-4454-3779-8|location=|pages=92-93}} 6. ^{{cite rowlett|fns|accessdate=January 21, 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bretagne.com/fr/patrimoine_maritime/en_finistere/phares/ile_vierge |title=Le phare de l’île Vierge |last=Lessard |first=Anne |work=Patrimoine maritime |publisher=bretagne.com |language=French |accessdate=20 December 2009}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www0.planete-tp.equipement.gouv.fr/en/IMG/pdf/38_cle79dd73.pdf |title=Automatisation programme |date=18 February 2008|work=Planete TP : tout sur les Travaux publics|publisher=ASCO-TP (Association pour la Connaissance des Travaux Publics)|accessdate=20 December 2009|location=Paris |format=PDF}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.finistere.equipement.gouv.fr/IMG/doc/Eckmuhl_Doss_presse_cle09bf17-1.doc|title=4 – Le patrimoine des phares et balises|work=Phare d'Eckmühl, Commune de Penmarc'h: Travaux d'expertise du phare: Dossier de presse|publisher=Direction départementale de l’Equipement du Finistère|page=4 |language=French|accessdate=20 December 2009 |format= MS Word}} External links
10 : Islands of Brittany|Lighthouses in Brittany|Lighthouses completed in 1845|Towers completed in 1845|Lighthouses completed in 1902|Towers completed in 1902|Landforms of Finistère|Tourist attractions in Finistère|Monuments historiques of Finistère|Round towers |
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