| 词条 | Nikolskoye, Kamchatka Krai |
| 释义 |
|en_name=Nikolskoye |ru_name=Никольское |image_skyline=Nikolskoe komandor island.jpg |image_caption=View of Nikolskoye |coordinates = {{coord|55|12|N|165|59|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=right |image_coa= |coa_caption= |image_flag= |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Kamchatka Krai |federal_subject_ref=[1] |adm_data_as_of= |adm_district_jur=Aleutsky District |adm_district_jur_ref=[1] |adm_ctr_of=Aleutsky District |adm_ctr_of_ref=[1] |inhabloc_cat=Rural locality |inhabloc_cat_ref=[1] |inhabloc_type=Selo |inhabloc_type_ref=[1] |mun_data_as_of= |mun_district_jur=Aleutsky Municipal District |mun_district_jur_ref=[1] |rural_settlement_jur=Nikolskoye Rural Settlement |rural_settlement_jur_ref=[1] |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=676 |pop_2010census_ref=[2] |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=1826 |established_title= |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date= |current_cat_date_ref= |prev_name1= |prev_name1_date= |prev_name1_ref= |postal_codes=684500 |postal_codes_ref= |dialing_codes=41547 |dialing_codes_ref= |website= |website_ref= |commonscat= |date=December 2011 }} Nikolskoye ({{lang-ru|Нико́льское}}, {{lang-ale|Никоольскиҳ}}) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Aleutsky District of Kamchatka Krai, Russia,[3] located on Bering Island in the Commander Islands chain. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=676|p2002=808|p1989=1,356}} It is the only remaining inhabited locality in the district. HistoryIt was founded in 1826 by Aleut (Unangan) settlers from Atka Island in the Aleutian Islands who were brought there by Russian fur traders.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} While engaging to some extent in the traditional pursuits of whaling and sealing with harpoons and spears, they were primarily employed in the harvest of fur-bearing animals, notably sea otters and fur seals. DemographicsCurrently, the population is divided roughly evenly between Russians and Aleuts, but mixing between the two is common. EconomyThe current economy is based primarily on fishing, especially the harvest of salmon caviar, mushroom gathering, and government services and subsidies. Despite living in an environment that is extremely rich with wildlife, the inhabitants of the island are very restricted in the use of these resources since almost the entire island is a nature preserve. In the years following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, poaching of fish, Arctic fox, reindeer (which were introduced to the island), and migratory waterfowl was widespread, but there is virtually no harvest of marine mammals due to strict protection. TransportationNikolskoye is served by the Nikolskoye Airport. ClimateLike the rest of Kamchatka Krai, Nikolskoye has a subarctic climate (Dfc), though the ocean makes temperatures much less extreme than interior Siberia, with winters being about four degrees milder than in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The transition to the subpolar oceanic climate of southwest Alaska to the east is very apparent, especially in the extremely low sunshine hours, which average only around 2.8 per day due to the consistent fog from the Aleutian Low and the Oyashio Current on its western flank. {{Weather box|location=Nikolskoye (1945-1994) |single line=yes |metric first=yes |Jan record high C=7.8 |Feb record high C=5.0 |Mar record high C=5.0 |Apr record high C = 7.2 |May record high C = 13.9 |Jun record high C = 22.2 |Jul record high C = 20.0 |Aug record high C = 23.3 |Sep record high C = 17.8 |Oct record high C = 12.8 |Nov record high C = 10.0 |Dec record high C = 11.1 |year record high C = 23.3 |Jan high C = −1.7 |Feb high C = −2.2 |Mar high C = −1.1 |Apr high C = 0.6 |May high C = 3.9 |Jun high C = 8.9 |Jul high C = 13.3 |Aug high C = 14.4 |Sep high C = 12.2 |Oct high C = 5.6 |Nov high C = 3.9 |Dec high C = 0.0 |year high C = 4.8 |Jan mean C = −3.9 |Feb mean C = −4.5 |Mar mean C = −3.4 |Apr mean C = −1.1 |May mean C = 2.0 |Jun mean C = 6.1 |Jul mean C = 10.0 |Aug mean C = 11.7 |Sep mean C = 9.5 |Oct mean C = 3.7 |Nov mean C = 0.6 |Dec mean C = −2.8 |year mean C = 2.3 |Jan low C = −6.1 |Feb low C = −6.7 |Mar low C = −5.6 |Apr low C = −2.8 |May low C = 0.0 |Jun low C = 3.3 |Jul low C = 6.7 |Aug low C = 8.9 |Sep low C = 6.7 |Oct low C = 1.7 |Nov low C = −2.8 |Dec low C = −5.6 |year low C = −0.2 |Jan record low C = −22.2 |Feb record low C = −23.9 |Mar record low C = −17.8 |Apr record low C = −13.9 |May record low C = −12.2 |Jun record low C = −2.2 |Jul record low C = 0.0 |Aug record low C = 0.0 |Sep record low C = −2.8 |Oct record low C = −7.8 |Nov record low C = −15.0 |Dec record low C = −20.0 |year record low C = −23.9 |precipitation colour=green |Jan precipitation mm = 81.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 53.9 |Mar precipitation mm = 50.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 52.6 |May precipitation mm = 79.0 |Jun precipitation mm = 50.3 |Jul precipitation mm = 54.9 |Aug precipitation mm = 96.3 |Sep precipitation mm = 67.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 84.3 |Nov precipitation mm = 69.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 67.8 |Jan precipitation days = 13.8 |Feb precipitation days = 12.7 |Mar precipitation days = 11.4 |Apr precipitation days = 9.6 |May precipitation days = 7.7 |Jun precipitation days = 6.2 |Jul precipitation days = 7.6 |Aug precipitation days = 10.4 |Sep precipitation days = 10.8 |Oct precipitation days = 14.2 |Nov precipitation days = 15.0 |Dec precipitation days = 15.1 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan sun = 31.0 |Feb sun = 56.5 |Mar sun = 99.2 |Apr sun = 120.0 |May sun = 102.3 |Jun sun = 84.0 |Jul sun = 74.4 |Aug sun = 108.5 |Sep sun = 123.0 |Oct sun = 111.6 |Nov sun = 54.0 |Dec sun = 27.9 |source 1 = Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[4] |source 2 = allmetsat.com (sunshine only)[5] |date=September 2011}} ReligionThe first church of Nikolskoye was dedicated to Saint Nicholas and Saint Innocent of Irkutsk, the Enlightener of Siberia. It was, according to the Church Gazetteer of Saint Nicholas Center , built in 1799 by the Russian-American Company. The second building was dedicated in the 1890s and closed after the October Revolution. It was then used as a local club, then a hostel. The building burned down in 1983. A new church is planned for the center of the village, a location not subject to tsunamis. It will be built in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, dismantled, shipped to the island and reassembled.{{when?|date=January 2019}}{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} See also
ReferencesNotes1. ^1 Law #238 2. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 Law #46 4. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/ru-niko1.htm| title = RUSSIA - NIKOLSKOYE OSTRO| publisher = Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas| accessdate = 2011-09-07| format = PDF| year = 2004|date=May 2011}} 5. ^{{cite web| url = http://en.allmetsat.com/climate/eastern-siberia.php?code=32618| title = Nikolskoye, Russia| publisher = allmetsat.com| accessdate = 2011-11-01| format = PDF| year = 2004|date=October 2011}} Sources
4 : Rural localities in Kamchatka Krai|Commander Islands|Populated places established in 1826|1826 establishments in the Russian Empire |
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