| 词条 | Niles Eldredge |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|08|24}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | other_names = | pronounce = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = | workplaces = Columbia University | patrons = | education = | alma_mater = Columbia University (PhD) | thesis_title = Geographic variation and evolution in Phacops rana (Green 1832) and Phacops iowensis Delo, 1935, in the Middle Devonian of North America | thesis_url = http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/77587750 | thesis_year = 1969 | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = Gregory Edgecombe[1], Bruce S. Lieberman | academic_advisors = Norman D. Newell | notable_students = | known_for = | influences = Marvin Harris, Stephen Jay Gould, Harold Bud Rollins | influenced = | awards = Charles Schuchert Award (1979) Paleontological Society Medal (2008) | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | spouse = | partner = | children = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = {{URL|nileseldredge.com}} }}Niles Eldredge ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|l|d|r|ɛ|dʒ}}; born August 25, 1943) is a U.S. biologist and paleontologist, who, along with Stephen Jay Gould, proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium in 1972.[2][3][4][5][6] EducationEldredge began his undergraduate studies in Latin at Columbia University. Before completing his degree he switched to the study of geology under Norman D. Newell. It was at this time that his work at the American Museum of Natural History began, under the combined Columbia University-American Museum graduate studies program. Eldredge graduated summa cum laude from Columbia College of Columbia University in 1965, and enrolled in the university's doctoral program while continuing his research at the museum. He completed his PhD in 1969. Career and researchPaleontologyIn 1969, Eldredge became a curator in the Department of Invertebrates at the American Museum of Natural History, and subsequently a curator in the Invertebrate Paleontology section, a position from which he recently retired. He was also an Adjunct Professor at the City University of New York. His specialty was the evolution of mid-Paleozoic Phacopida trilobites, a group of extinct arthropods that lived between 543 and 245 million years ago. Evolutionary theory{{further|Punctuated equilibria}}Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould proposed punctuated equilibria in 1972. Punctuated equilibrium is a refinement to evolutionary theory. It describes patterns of descent taking place in "fits and starts" separated by long periods of stability. Eldredge went on to develop a hierarchical vision of evolutionary and ecological systems. Around this time, he became focused on the rapid destruction of many of the world's habitats and species. In his book Unfinished Synthesis (1985), he proposed an extended evolutionary synthesis.[7] Throughout his career, he has used repeated patterns in the history of life to refine ideas on how the evolutionary process actually works. Eldredge is proponent of the importance of environment in explaining the patterns in evolution. Eldredge is a critic of the gene-centered view of evolution. His most recent venture is the development of an alternative account to the gene-based notions of evolutionary psychology to explain human behavior. He has published more than 160 scientific articles, books, and reviews, including Reinventing Darwin, an examination of current controversies in evolutionary biology, and Dominion, a consideration of the ecological and evolutionary past, present, and future of Homo sapiens. Since 2013, Eldredge has been listed on the Advisory Council of the National Center for Science Education.[8] Publications{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
Personal lifeEldredge enjoys playing jazz trumpet and is an avid collector of 19th century cornets; he has more than 500 in his home in Ridgewood, New Jersey.[9] Eldredge possesses a chart of the historical development of cornets (the musical instruments), which he uses as a comparison with that of the development of trilobites. The differences between them are meant to highlight the failures of intelligent design by comparing a system that is definitely designed, with a system that is not designed.{{cn|date=May 2018}} Political activismIn January 2017, Eldredge became an 'Initiator' for the Refuse Fascism movement launched in the United States just months after the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election. The movement was an effort to deny Barack Obama's successor - Donald Trump - from taking office on Inauguration Day (January 20, 2017) The group's aim was to 'stop the Trump-Pence regime before it starts.'[10] References1. ^{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|first=Gregory Donald|last=Edgecombe|publisher=Columbia University|title=Systematic studies on the trilobite order Phacopida|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/303964340|oclc=933526770|year=1991}} {{Wikiquote}}{{Commonscat}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Eldredge, Niles}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://research.amnh.org/vertpaleo/eldredge.html |title=Paleontology |publisher=Research.amnh.org |date=2018-06-21 |accessdate=2018-06-25}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/niles_eldredge.html|title=Niles Eldredge|website=c250.columbia.edu}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2006/spring/eldredge-confessions-darwinist/#fn11|title=Confessions of a Darwinist - VQR Online|website=www.vqronline.org}} 5. ^{{YouTube|FnvZheCKzyo|Conversation with Harold Hudson}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nileseldredge.com|title=Niles Eldredge -- Paleontology and Evolution|website=Niles Eldredge -- Paleontology and Evolution}} 7. ^Vermeij, Geerat J. (1987). Unfinished Synthesis: Biological Hierarchies and Modern Evolutionary Thought by Niles Eldredge. The Quarterly Review of Biology. Vol. 62, No. 1. pp. 79-80. 8. ^{{cite web |url=https://ncse.com/about/advisory-council |title=Advisory Council |website=ncse.com |publisher=National Center for Science Education |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810112828/https://ncse.com/about/advisory-council |archivedate=2013-08-10 |accessdate=2018-10-30}} 9. ^Wertheim, Margaret. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F01E6D7163EF93AA35750C0A9629C8B63 " SCIENTIST AT WORK -- Niles Eldredge; Bursts of Cornets and Evolution Bring Harmony to Night and Day"], The New York Times, March 9, 2004. Accessed November 20, 2007. "By his own admission, Dr. Niles Eldredge is a pretty mediocre horn player. Tootling on a cornet in his living room in Ridgewood, N.J., he pumps out a few bars of Bach, then puts down the instrument with a good-natured sigh." 10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://refusefascism.org/about-contact/initiators/|title=Initiators|newspaper=In the Name of Humanity We Refuse To Accept a Fascist America|access-date=2017-01-11}} 11 : 1943 births|Living people|Evolutionary biologists|Extended evolutionary synthesis|Human evolution theorists|American paleontologists|Columbia University alumni|Critics of creationism|People from Ridgewood, New Jersey|People associated with the American Museum of Natural History|Punctuated equilibrium |
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