| 词条 | Nilotic languages |
| 释义 |
|name=Nilotic |region=Southwestern Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan, northeastern Congo (DRC), northern Uganda, western Kenya and northern Tanzania |familycolor=Nilo-Saharan |fam2=Eastern Sudanic |child1=Eastern Nilotic |child2=Southern Nilotic |child3=Western Nilotic |child4=Burun |glotto=nilo1247 |glottorefname=Nilotic |map=Nilotic languages.png |mapcaption=Region where Nilotic languages are spoken }} The Nilotic languages are a group of Eastern Sudanic languages spoken across a wide area between South Sudan and Tanzania by the Nilotic peoples, who traditionally practice cattle-herding. EtymologyThe word Nilotic means of or relating to the Nile River or to the Nile region of Africa.[1] DemographicsThere are approximately 7 million current speakers of Nilotic languages. Nilotic peoples, who are the native speakers of the languages, originally migrated from the upper Nile area. Nilotic language speakers live in parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda.[2] SubdivisionsAccording to linguist Joseph Greenberg, the language family is divided up into three subgroups:[3]
Before Greenberg's reclassification, Nilotic was used to refer to Western Nilotic alone, with the other two being grouped as related "Nilo-Hamitic" languages.[4] Blench (2012) treats the Burun languages as a fourth subgroup of Nilotic.[5] In previous classifications, the languages were included within the Luo languages. Starostin (2015) treats the Mabaan-Burun languages as "West Nilotic" but outside the Luo level.[6]ReconstructionOver 200 Proto-Nilotic lexical roots have been reconstructed by Dimmendaal (1988).[7] See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/nilotic|title=the definition of Nilotic|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=2016-10-26}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://pages.uoregon.edu/dlpayne/Nilotic/NiloticFamily.htm|title=Nilotic Family|last=Payne|first=Doris|website=pages.uoregon.edu|access-date=2016-10-26}} 3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ReZAlcV7TckC&pg=PA10|title=Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology|last=Barnard|first=Alan|last2=Spencer|first2=Jonathan|date=1996|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=|isbn=9780415099967|location=|pages=10|language=en}} 4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=TaegVuj0bNUC&pg=PA306&dq=eastern+western+southern+nilotic+nilo-hamitic#v=onepage&q=nilo-hamitic&f=false|title=Methodology and African Prehistory|last=Ki-Zerbo|first=Joseph|date=1981|publisher=UNESCO|year=|isbn=9789231017070|location=|pages=306|language=en}} 5. ^Roger Blench (2012) Nilo-Saharan language list 6. ^George Starostin (2015) [https://www.academia.edu/10615385/The_Eastern_Sudanic_hypothesis_tested_through_lexicostatistics_current_state_of_affairs The Eastern Sudanic hypothesis tested through lexicostatistics: current state of affairs] (Draft 1.0) 7. ^Dimmendaal, Gerrit Jan. 1988. "The lexical reconstruction of proto-Nilotic: a first reconnaissance." Afrikanistische (AAP) 16: 5-67.
External links
10 : Nilotic languages|Language families|Southern Eastern Sudanic languages|Languages of Ethiopia|Languages of Sudan|Languages of South Sudan|Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Languages of Uganda|Languages of Kenya|Languages of Tanzania |
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