| 词条 | Nirmal Verma |
| 释义 |
|name = Nirmal Verma |image = Nirmal Verma (1929 - 2005).jpg |imagesize = 250px |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1929|4|3}} |birth_place = Shimla, Punjab, British India |death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2005|10|25|1929|4|3}} |death_place = New Delhi, India |occupation = Novelist, writer, activist, translator }}Nirmal Verma (3 April 1929{{spaced ndash}}25 October 2005) was a Hindi writer, novelist, activist and translator. He is credited as being one of the pioneers of the 'Nayi Kahani' (New Story) literary movement of Hindi literature,[1] wherein his first collection of stories, Parinde (Birds) is considered its first signature.[2] In his career spanning five decades and various forms of literature, like story, travelogue and essays, he penned five novels, eight short-story collections and nine books of non-fiction, including essays and travelogues.[2] BiographyNirmal Verma was born on 3 April 1929 in Shimla, where his father worked as an officer in the Civil and Services Department of the British Indian Government. He was the seventh child among his eight siblings. One of his brothers is one of India's greatest artists Ram Kumar.[3] He is survived by his wife, Gagan Gill.[4] He wrote his first story for a students' magazine in the early 1950s. He completed Masters of Arts in History from St. Stephen's College, Delhi University. Thereafter he started teaching in Delhi and writing for various literary magazines. {{Rquote|right| "For a writer to desire spiritual security is as fatal as an aspiration to material pleasure. For a writer, every place of refuge is a pitfall; you fall once, and the clear sky of creativity is lost forever."- Dhund se Uthati Dhun [5] }} His activism streak was visible even during his student days; in 1947–48, he regularly attended Mahatma Gandhiji's morning prayer meetings in Delhi, even though he was a card holding member of Communist Party of India, which he resigned in 1956, after Soviet invasion of Hungary. The very activism was soon to be reflected in his stories, which added a whole new dimension to the Indian literary scene. He stayed in Prague for 10 years, where he was invited by Oriental Institute to initiate a program of translation of modern Czech writers like Karel Capek, Milan Kundera, and Bohumil Hrabal, to Hindi; he also learnt the Czech language, and translated nine world classics to Hindi, before returning home in 1968, as the result of Prague Spring.[3] During his stay in Prague he travelled widely across Europe, and the result was seven travelogues, including Cheeron Par Chandni (1962), Har Barish Mein (1970) and Dhund Se Uthti Dhun and his first novel, based on his student days in Prague, titled, "Ve Din" (Those Days) (1964). On his return from Prague, he was disillusioned by Communism and later became highly vocal against Indian Emergency, and an advocate for the Tibetan independence movement. His subsequent writing reflected his concerted relooking of Indian traditions, which he found to be innately modern, compared with external modernity reflected in the western viewpoints and cultural milieu, which were being imposed on Indian ethos, all around, so much so that later his views were confused as pro-Hindutva as well.[5] From 1980–83, Verma served as chairman of Nirala creative writing chair in Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal. In 1988–90 he was director of Yashpal Creative Writing Chair in Shimla.[2] A film based on his story, Maya Darpan (1972), directed by Kumar Shahani, won theFilmfare Critics Award for Best Film.[6] In his popular novel A Torn Happiness, August Strindberg looms large over the heads of many characters. He died on 25 October 2005 in New Delhi. Awards and milestones
Nayi Kahani movementNirmal Verma, together with Mohan Rakesh, Bhisham Sahni, Kamleshwar, Amarkant, Rajendra Yadav and others, is the founder of the Nayi Kahani (new short story) in Hindi literature. Nirmal Verma is best known for his short stories and his best known story, 'Parinde' (Birds) (1959) is supposed to be the pioneer of the Nai Kahani Movement in Hindi literature.[3] Nirmal Verma's other notable stories are Andhere Mein, Dedh Inch Upar, and Kavve Aur Kala Pani. Nirmal Verma's last story was published in "Naya Gyanodaya" August 2005 issue, titled "Ab Kuchh Nahin". Nirmal Verma experimented vividly with theme as well as technique of the Hindi short story in the 60s and 70s. A collection of his letters written to Ramkumar (well known artist and his brother) has been published by Bhartiya Jnanpith, titled "Priya Ram" (Dear Ram). His books have been translated into several European languages such as English, Russian, German, Icelandic, Polish, Italian and French. {{div col}}Major worksNovels
Further reading
References1. ^Ode to Nirmal Verma The Hindu, 6 November 2005. 2. ^AUTHOR SPEAKS:"I cater to several layers of sensibilities" The Tribune, 10 March 2002. 3. ^1 2 'He was the modern voice of Indian genius' Obituary, Rediff.com, 26 October 2005 4. ^{{http://www.caravanmagazine.in/tag/gagan-gill web|url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-43626863|title=निर्मल वर्मा ने इंदिरा को बताया था 'साक्षात बुराई'|first=प्रियंका|last=दुबे|date=3 April 2018|publisher=|accessdate=4 April 2018|via=www.bbc.com}} 5. ^1 Nirmal Verma, 1929–2005 Frontline, Volume 22 – Issue 24, Nov. 19 – Dec. 02, 2005. 6. ^{{IMDb name|1168263}} 7. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20070704045555/http://www.sahitya-akademi.org/sahitya-akademi/awa10306.htm Sahitya Akademi Awards]. sahitya-akademi.org 8. ^{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | accessdate=21 July 2015}} 9. ^1 2 3 Nirmal Verma, India. Lettre-ulysses-award.org. Retrieved on 22 May 2016. 10. ^Fellowships {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630180021/http://www.sahitya-akademi.org/sahitya-akademi/awa2.htm |date=30 June 2007 }} Sahitya Akademi Official website. External links
25 : 1929 births|2005 deaths|Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award|Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi|Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship|Recipients of the Jnanpith Award|Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education|Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|Indian male novelists|Indian literary critics|20th-century Indian translators|Hindi-language writers|Hindi poets|People from Shimla|St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni|University of Delhi alumni|20th-century Indian poets|20th-century Indian novelists|Indian male poets|Indian male essayists|International Writing Program alumni|20th-century Indian essayists|Novelists from Himachal Pradesh|Poets from Himachal Pradesh|20th-century Indian male writers |
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