| 词条 | Nizar Qabbani |
| 释义 |
| name = Nizar Qabbani | native_name = نزار قباني | native_name_lang = ar | image =Nizarqabbani.jpg | pseudonym = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1923|3|21}} | birth_place = Damascus, State of Damascus | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1998|4|30|1923|3|21}} | death_place = London, England, United Kingdom | occupation = Diplomat, poet, writer, publisher | nationality = Syrian | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | signature = | website = {{URL|http://nizarq.com}} | imagesize = 200px | influences = | influenced = Nizar Tawfiq Qabbani ({{lang-ar|نزار توفيق قباني}} {{transl|ar|DIN|Nizār Tawfīq Qabbānī}}) (21 March 1923 – 30 April 1998) was a Syrian diplomat, poet and publisher. His poetic style combines simplicity and elegance in exploring themes of love, eroticism, feminism, religion, and Arab nationalism. Qabbani is one of the most revered contemporary poets in the Arab world,[1][2] and is considered to be Syria's National Poet. BiographyEarly lifeNizar Qabbani was born in the Syrian capital of Damascus to a Syrian middle class merchant family of Turkish descent.[3] Qabbani was raised in Mi'thnah Al-Shahm, one of the neighborhoods of Old Damascus. Qabbani studied at the national Scientific College School in Damascus between 1930 and 1941.[4] The school was owned and run by his father's friend, Ahmad Munif al-Aidi. He later studied law at the Damascus University, which was called Syrian University until 1958. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in law in 1945.[4] While a student in college he wrote his first collection of poems entitled The Brunette Told Me. It was a collection of romantic verses that made several startling references to a woman's body, sending shock waves throughout the conservative society in Damascus.[4] To make it more acceptable, Qabbani showed it to Munir al-Ajlani, the minister of education who was also a friend of his father and a leading nationalist leader in Syria. Ajlani liked the poems and endorsed them by writing the preface for Nizar's first book. Diplomatic careerAfter graduating from law school, Qabbani worked for the Syrian Foreign Ministry, serving as Consul or cultural attaché in several capital cities, including Beirut, Cairo, Istanbul, Madrid, and London. In 1959, when the United Arab Republic was formed, Qabbani was appointed Vice-Secretary of the UAR for its embassies in China. He wrote extensively during these years and his poems from China were some of his finest. He continued to work in the diplomatic د until he tendered his resignation in 1966. By that time, he had established a publishing house in Beirut, which carried his name (). Poetic influencesWhen Qabbani was 15, his sister, who was 25 at the time, committed suicide because she refused to marry a man she did not love.[5] During her funeral he decided to fight the social conditions he saw as causing her death. When asked whether he was a revolutionary, the poet answered: “Love in the Arab world is like a prisoner, and I want to set (it) free. I want to free the Arab soul, sense and body with my poetry. The relationships between men and women in our society are not healthy.” He is known as one of the most feminist and progressive intellectuals of his time.[5] The city of Damascus remained a powerful muse in his poetry, most notably in the Jasmine Scent of Damascus.[5] The 1967 Six-Day War also influenced his poetry and his lament for the Arab cause.[5][11] The defeat marked a qualitative shift in Qabbani's work – from erotic love poems to poems with overt political themes of rejectionism and resistance.[5] For instance, his poem Marginal Notes on the Book of Defeat, a stinging self-criticism of Arab inferiority, drew anger from both the right and left sides of the Arab political dialogue. Personal lifeFamilyQabbani had two sisters, Wisal and Haifa; he also had three brothers: Mu'taz, Rashid, and Sabah. The latter, Sabah Qabbani, was the most famous after Nizar, becoming director of Syrian radio and TV in 1960 and Syria's ambassador to the United States in the 1980s. Nizar Qabbani's father, Tawfiq Qabbani, was Syrian while his mother was of Turkish descent. His father had a chocolate factory; he also helped support fighters resisting the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon and was imprisoned many times for his views, greatly affecting the upbringing of Nizar into a revolutionary in his own right. Qabbani's great uncle, Abu Khalil Qabbani, was one of the leading innovators in Arab dramatic literature. Qabbani family were of Turkish origin who originated from Konya.[6] Qabbani is derived from Qabban ({{lang-fa|قپان}}) which means Steelyard balance.[7] MarriagesNizar Qabbani married twice in his life. His first wife was his cousin Zahra Aqbiq; together they had a daughter, Hadba, and a son, Tawfiq. Tawfiq died due to a heart attack when he was 22 years old when he was in London. Qabbani eulogized his son in the famous poem To the Legendary Damascene, Prince Tawfiq Qabbani. Zahra Aqbiq died in 2007. His daughter Hadba,[8] born in 1947, was married twice, and lived in London until her death in April 2009.[8] His second marriage was to an Iraqi woman named Balqis al-Rawi, a schoolteacher he met at a poetry recital in Baghdad; she was killed in the 1981 Iraqi embassy bombing in Beirut during the Lebanese Civil War on 15 December 1981.[4][5] Her death had a severe psychological effect on Qabbani; he expressed his grief in his famous poem Balqis, blaming the entire Arab world for her death. Together they had a son, Omar, and a daughter, Zainab. After the death of Balqis, Qabbani did not marry again. Late life and deathAfter the death of Balqis, Qabbani left Beirut. He was moving between Geneva and Paris, eventually settling in London, where he spent the last 15 years of his life.[5] Qabbani continued to write poems and raise controversies and arguments. Notable controversial poems from this period in his life include When Will They Announce the Death of Arabs? and Runners. In 1997, Nizar Qabbani suffered from poor health and briefly recovered from his sickness in late 1997.[9] A few months later, at the age of 75, Nizar Qabbani died in London on 30 April 1998 of a heart attack.[3][10] In his will, which he wrote in his hospital bed in London, Nizar Qabbani wrote that he wished to be buried in Damascus, which he described in his will as "the womb that taught me poetry, taught me creativity and granted me the alphabet of Jasmine."[11] Nizar Qabbani was buried in Damascus four days later in Bab al-Saghir.[11] Qabbani was mourned by Arabs all over the world, with news broadcasts highlighting his illustrious literary career.[11] BibliographyPoetryQabbani began writing poetry when he was 16 years old; at his own expense, Qabbani published his first book of poems, entitled The Brunette Told Me {{lang|ar|(قالت لي السمراء)}}, while he was a law student at the University of Damascus in 1944. Over the course of a half-century, Qabbani wrote 34 other books of poetry, including:
Other worksHe also composed many works of prose, such as My Story with Poetry {{lang|ar|قصتي مع الشعر}}, What Poetry Is {{lang|ar|ما هو الشعر}}, and Words Know Anger {{lang|ar| الكلمات تعرف الغضب}}, On Poetry, Sex, and Revolution {{lang|ar|عن الشعر والجنس والثورة}}, Poetry is a Green Lantern {{lang|ar|الشعر قنديل أخضر}}, Birds Don't Require a Visa {{lang|ar|العصافير لا تطلب تأشيرة دخول}}, I Played Perfectly and Here are my Keys {{lang|ar|لعبت بإتقان وها هي مفاتيحي}} and The Woman in My Poetry and My Life {{lang|ar|المرأة في شعري وفي حياتي}}, as well as one play named Republic of Madness Previously Lebanon {{lang|ar|جمهورية جنونستان لبنان سابقا}} and lyrics of many famous songs of celebrated Arab singers, including:
And his verses would remain popular after his death, and put to song by Arab pop-music stars such as Kazem al-Saher and Latifa.[11] However, such songs were introduced after filtering the original poems. Other languagesMany of Qabbani's poems have also been translated into English and other languages, both individually and as collections of selected works.[4] Some of these collections include:
Many of Qabbani's poems are translated into Hindi by Siddheshwar Singh, Arpana Manoj, Manoj Patel, Rinu Talwar and other translators.[17]
Evgeniy Dyakonov wrote his PhD thesis on the translation of Nizar Qabbani's poetry into Russian; Dyakonov's translations were published by Biblos Consulting, Moscow, in 2007.[18] References1. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-nizar-qabbani-1161210.html|work=The Independent|date=May 5, 1998|title=Obituary: Nizar Qabbani|first=Adel |last=Darwish}} 2. ^“Nizar Qabbani: From Romance to Exile”, Muhamed Al Khalil, 2005, A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Department of Near Eastern Studies in partial ulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate College of the University of Arizona, USA. 3. ^1 {{cite web | url =http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9099031/Nizar-Qabbani | title =Qabbani, Nizar| accessdate =23 June 2007 | publisher =Encyclopædia Britannica Online}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web | url =http://ddc.aub.edu.lb/projects/cames/interviews/qabbani/html/english-biography.html | title =Biographical notes on Nizar Qabbani| accessdate =23 June 2007 | publisher =American University of Beirut}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web | url =http://www.poemhunter.com/nizar-qabbani/biography/ | title =Nizar Qabbani| accessdate =23 June 2007 | publisher =PoemHunter.com}} 6. ^{{citation |last=Sadgrove|first=Philip|year=2010|chapter=Ahmad Abu Khalil al-Qabbani (1833–1902)|title=Essays in Arabic Literary Biography: 1850–1950|editor1-last=Allen|editor1-first=Roger M. A.|editor2-last=Lowry|editor2-first=Joseph Edmund|editor3-last=Stewart |editor3-first=Devin J. (eds.)|place=|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|page=267|isbn=3447061413}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86/ |script-title=ar:تعريف و معنى قبان في معجم المعاني الجامع - معجم عربي عربي|work=almaany|language=Arabic}} 8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://fenshop.wordpress.com/2009/04/06/testing/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-05-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530055338/http://fenshop.wordpress.com/2009/04/06/testing/ |archivedate=30 May 2009 |df=dmy-all }} 9. ^{{cite web | url =http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/971215/1997121521.html | title =Qabbani Recovered from Sickness, Gratitude Message to Syrians | accessdate =23 June 2007 | date =15 December 1997 | publisher =Arabic News | deadurl =yes | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20070930211755/http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/971215/1997121521.html | archivedate =30 September 2007 | df =dmy-all }} 10. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/books/news/9804/30/qabbani.obit/ |title=Nizar Qabbani, Major Arab Literary Figure, Dies |accessdate=23 June 2007 |date=30 April 1998 |publisher=CNN.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050525190025/http://www.cnn.com/books/news/9804/30/qabbani.obit/ |archivedate=25 May 2005 }} 11. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | url =http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/980504/1998050402.html | title =Nizar Qabbani: Pioneer of Modern Arab Poetry | accessdate =23 June 2007 | date =4 May 1998 | publisher =Arabic News | deadurl =yes | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20070930200955/http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/980504/1998050402.html | archivedate =30 September 2007 | df =dmy-all }} 12. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{Cite web|url=https://www.lahamag.com/Details/51098-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%85-%D9%83%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A|title=قصائد نزار قباني المغنّاة... من فيروز وأم كلثوم إلى كاظم الساهر وماجدة الرومي|date=2015-08-11|website=Laha Magazine|access-date=2018-12-08}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://najatalsaghira.wordpress.com/2015/06/19/the-magnificent-najat-al-saghira/ |title= Who is Najat Al Saghira?|date=June 19, 2015|accessdate=August 28, 2015}} 14. ^{{cite book|last1=Akhmatova|first1=Anna|author-link1=Anna Akhmatova|last2=Świrszczyńska|first2=Anna|author-link2=Anna Świrszczyńska|last3=Ginsberg |first3= Allen |author-link3=Allen Ginsberg|last4=Agustini |first4=Delmira |author-link4=Delmira Agustini|last5= Farrokhzad |first5=Forough |author-link5=Forough Farrokhzad|last6= Mistral |first6=Gabriela|author-link6=Gabriela Mistral| last7= Jacques |first7=Jacques |author-link7=Jacques Prévert|last8=Mahmoud |first8= Mahmoud|author-link8=Mahmoud Darwish| last9=Al-Malaika |first9= Nazik|author-link9= Nazik Al-Malaika|last10=Hikmet |first10=Nazim|author-link10=Nazim Hikmet|last11=Qabbani |first11= Nizar|author-link11=Nizar Qabbani| last12=Paz |first12=Octavio |author-link12=Octavio Paz| last13=Neruda |first13= Pablo |author-link13=Pablo Neruda|last14=Plath |first14=Sylvia |author-link14=Sylvia Plath|last15=Amichai |first15=Yehuda|author-link15=Yehuda Amichai|translator-last1=Pokhrel|translator-first1=Suman|translator-link1=Suman Pokhrel|translator-mask1=|date=|year=2018|orig-year=|chapter=|title=Manpareka Kehi Kavita|script-title=ne:मनपरेका केही कविता|trans-title=Some Poems of My Choice|url=|format=Print|type=|series=|language=Nepali|edition=First|location=Kathmandu|publisher=Shikha Books|publication-date=2018|pages=174|isbn=978-9937-9244-5-0}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://inventaire.io/entity/wd:Q382312|title=अनुवादमा 'मनपरेका केही कविता'|last=Tripathi|first=Geeta|year=2018|website=|publisher=Kalashree|pages=358–359|trans-title=Manpareka Kehi Kavita in Translation|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=|issue=7}} 16. ^Prof. Abhi Subedi : Sahitya ra Aam Britta p 189, 2014, {{ISBN|978 9937 852531}} 17. ^http://kavitakosh.org/kk/निज़ार_क़ब्बानी 18. ^http://www.arabbook.ru/?document=22&lng=ru The life and times of Nizar Qabbani, The Nation, Faizan Ali Warraich, 10-October-2018, https://nation.com.pk/11-Oct-2018/the-life-and-times-of-nizar-qabbani External links
15 : 1923 births|1998 deaths|20th-century publishers (people)|Damascus University alumni|Feminist writers|Islamic feminists|Male feminists|Muslim poets|People from Damascus|Syrian diplomats|Syrian feminists|Syrian Muslims|Syrian people of Turkish descent|Syrian poets|20th-century poets |
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