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词条 Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
释义

  1. Early years

  2. ANC

  3. South African government

     Health Department  HIV/AIDS and Sarafina II  Foreign Affairs Department  Home Affairs Department   Presidential run  

  4. African Union

  5. Controversy

     “Rubbish" tweet  Tobacco smuggling 

  6. Personal life

  7. References

{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
|image = Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma 2014.png
|office = Minister for Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation
|President = Cyril Ramaphosa
|term_start = 28 February 2018
|term_end =
|predecessor = Jeff Radebe
|successor =
|office1 = Chair of the African Union Commission
|deputy1 = Erastus Mwencha
|term_start1 = 15 October 2012
|term_end1 = 30 January 2017
|predecessor1 = Jean Ping
|successor1 = Moussa Faki
|office2 = Minister of Home Affairs
|president2 = Jacob Zuma
|term_start2 = 10 May 2009
|term_end2 = 3 October 2012
|predecessor2 = Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula
|successor2 = Naledi Pandor
|office3 = Minister of Foreign Affairs
|president3 = Thabo Mbeki
Kgalema Motlanthe
|term_start3 = 14 June 1999
|term_end3 = 10 May 2009
|predecessor3 = Alfred Nzo
|successor3 = Maite Nkoana-Mashabane {{small|(International Relations and Cooperation)}}
|office4 = Minister of Health
|president4 = Nelson Mandela
|term_start4 = 10 May 1994
|term_end4 = 14 June 1999
|predecessor4 = Rina Venter
|successor4 = Manto Tshabalala-Msimang
|birthname = Nkosazana Clarice Dlamini
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|1|27|df=y}}
|birth_place = Natal, South Africa
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = African National Congress
|spouse = {{marriage|Jacob Zuma|1982|1998|end=div}}
|alma_mater = University of Zululand
University of Natal
University of Bristol
University of Liverpool
}}

Nkosazana Clarice Dlamini-Zuma (born 27 January 1949), sometimes referred to by her initials NDZ, is a South African politician and anti-apartheid activist, currently serving as Minister in the Presidency for the National Planning Commission for Policy and Evaluation.[1] She was South Africa's Minister of Health from 1994–99, under President Nelson Mandela, and then Minister of Foreign Affairs, under presidents Thabo Mbeki and Kgalema Motlanthe. She was moved to the position of Minister of Home Affairs in the first term of former President Jacob Zuma, with whom she was previously married for 16 years.

On 15 July 2012, Dlamini-Zuma was elected by the African Union Commission as its chairperson, making her the first woman to lead the organisation (including its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity);[2] she took office on 15 October 2012. On 30 January 2017, she was replaced as Chairperson of the AU Commission by Chadian Foreign Minister Moussa Faki.[3]

She ran for the position of President of the African National Congress in 2017, but was defeated by Cyril Ramaphosa at the 54th National Conference of the African National Congress.

Early years

Nkosazana Clarice Dlamini, a Zulu, was born in Natal, the eldest of eight children. She completed high school at the Amanzimtoti Training College in 1967.[4]

In 1971, she started her studies in Zoology and Botany at the University of Zululand, where she obtained a Bachelor's degree in Science (BSc). She subsequently began her medical studies at the University of Natal, where she became an active underground member of South African Students Organisation, and was elected as its deputy president in 1976. She was exiled in the same year and finished her studies abroad at the University of Bristol in the UK in 1978.[5]

Subsequently, she worked as a medical doctor at the Mbabane Government Hospital in Swaziland, where she met her future husband, previous ANC party president Jacob Zuma.

ANC

In 1985, Dlamini-Zuma returned to the United Kingdom to complete a diploma in tropical child health from Liverpool University's School of Tropical Medicine. After receiving her diploma, she worked for the ANC Regional Health Committee before accepting the position of director of the Health and Refugee Trust, a British non-governmental organisation. During the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) negotiations in 1992, she was part of the Gender Advisory Committee.

She was suggested as a possible ANC candidate for the Presidency in the 2009 election and for the leadership of the party.[6][7][8]

Dlamini-Zuma was nominated for the ANC political party's deputy presidency by four provinces aligned to President Thabo Mbeki,[9] while the five provinces backing her ex-husband ANC deputy president Jacob Zuma preferred her as the national chairperson.[9] She was elected to the ANC's 80-member National Executive Committee in December 2007.[10]

The speculation of another cabinet reshuffle mounted up stating her to replace with Blade Nzimande as a Higher Education Minister which she denied later.[11][12]

South African government

Health Department

After the first all-inclusive South African elections of 1994, Dlamini-Zuma was appointed as Minister of Health in the cabinet of President Nelson Mandela, where she continued the work of previous Minister of Health Rina Venter to racially desegregate the health system and broaden state anti-tobacco measures.[13] Dlamini-Zuma introduced the Tobacco Products Amendment Bill in 1999, which made it illegal to smoke in public buildings.[14]

HIV/AIDS and Sarafina II

In August, 1995, against South African Communications Services recommendations for "cheaper and better" HIV/AIDS awareness programmes,[15] the Department of Health awarded a R14.27m contract to Mbongeni Ngema, a "good friend" of Dlamini-Zuma's, to produce a sequel to the musical, Sarafina!.[17]

Investigations into Sarafina II revealed that Dlamini-Zuma had lied to Parliament about funding for the project coming from the EU, and had ignored proper bidding procedures.[16][17]

Following criticism of the poor financial controls and commissioning procedures in a report by the Public Protector, the play was shelved.[18][19][20]

Dlamini-Zuma was also criticised for supporting Virodene, a "quack remedy" for HIV/AIDS,[21] which was in fact a toxic industrial solvent rejected by the scientific community as ineffective.[9][22][23][24]

Foreign Affairs Department

Dlamini-Zuma served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1999 to 2009, under both President Thabo Mbeki and interim President Kgalema Motlanthe,[25] during which tenure she was criticised for her "quiet diplomacy" in response to Zimbabwe's violent land invasions and anti-white racism.[26][27]

Home Affairs Department

She served in her ex-husband Jacob Zuma's 2009 presidential cabinet as Minister of Home Affairs from 10 May 2009 until 2 October 2012. She was lauded for turning around the grossly mismanaged department and achieving its first clean audit in 16 years.[28][26][29]

Presidential run

She ran for the office of President of South Africa in 2017. She was defeated in her campaign by Cyril Ramaphosa at the 54th National Conference of the African National Congress in December 2017, despite being heavily favoured to win.[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] She lost by only a few hundred votes, with 2261 to Ramaphosa's 2440.[38][39]

African Union

In January 2012, while still heading the Department of Home Affairs, Dlamini-Zuma contested the position of Chairperson of the African Union Commission. In doing so, she broke an "unwritten rule" that major African powers do not put forward candidates for AU positions.[40][41][42]

This angered many AU states, leading to a deadlock in the first election,[41][43] despite Dlamini-Zuma's backing by the fifteen states comprising the Southern African Development Community.[26][44] As a consequence of the failure to secure a two-thirds majority of the vote, incumbent Jean Ping's term was extended by six months,[45][46] until a second election on July 15 at the nineteenth session of the Assembly of the African Union elected Dlamini-Zuma to the position.[47][48] The vote was largely divided along language lines—Francophone states against Anglophone states.[26][49]

Dlamini-Zuma was unpopular and disliked among AU officials for her apparent disinterest and aloofness, and her absenteeism. Her leadership as chairperson was considered a disappointing failure,[24][50][51][52][53] although she was acknowledged for the managerial improvements she made.[43]

Controversy

“Rubbish" tweet

On 7 April 2017, Dlamini-Zuma received scorn for labeling protest marches against Jacob Zuma as "rubbish"[54][55][56] and for characterising them as examples of white privilege.[57]

Her verified Twitter account posted "This is what they are protecting ... hence some of us are not part of this rubbish. They must join us for the march for our land they stole...” and deleted the tweet shortly thereafter. Dlamini-Zuma referred to the missive as a "fake tweet" afterwards.[58][59][60]

Tobacco smuggling

It is alleged that tobacco smugglers have been funding her election campaign.[61]

Personal life

Nkosazana Clarice Dlamini married Jacob Zuma, with whom she has four children: Msholozi (born 1982); Gugulethu Zuma-Ncube (born 1984), who married the son of Zimbabwean politician and President of the MDC, Welshman Ncube; Nokuthula Nomaqhawe (born 1987); and their youngest daughter, Thuthukile Zuma, who was controversially appointed Chief of Staff in the Department of Telecommunications and Postal Services in 2014.[62]

Dlamini, Zuma's third wife, divorced him in June 1998.[28][63] In 2015 and 2016, various national newspapers alleged that Gugulethu Zuma-Ncube benefitted unduly from nepotism through contracts of R167 million from the SABC and R5 million from the eThekwini Municipality for Uzalo, a telenovela produced by Stained Glass productions which she co-owns with Kopedi Pokane.[64][65] "Thuli" Nokuthula Nomaqhawe was appointed as director of eleven Uzalo episodes despite having no directing experience. This is controversial because the SABC, which funded the telenovela, is a state-owned enterprise funded by South African tax-payers and thus regulated.

References

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2. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/16/african-union-first-female-leader?newsfeed=true African Union chooses first female leader], theguardian.com; accessed 8 August 2017.
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38795676|title=Morocco to rejoin African Union despite Western Sahara dispute|date=30 January 2017|publisher=|accessdate=9 August 2017|via=www.bbc.com}}
4. ^Adams College {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927021946/http://www.historicschools.org.za/view.asp?ItemID=11&tname=tblComponent2&oname=Schools&pg=front&subm=Pilot%20Schools |date=27 September 2013 }}, Historic Schools Restoration Project; retrieved 3 August 2013
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.au.int/en/cpauc/profile|title=Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma - Profile - African Union|website=www.au.int|accessdate=9 August 2017}}
6. ^Boyd Webb, "Is SA ready for a female president?", Cape Times (IOL), 16 November 2007.
7. ^"Dlamini-Zuma available for ANC leadership" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819175810/http://mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=325082 |date=19 August 2012 }}, Mail & Guardian Online, 16 November 2007.
8. ^"Dlamini-Zuma not in ANC succession debate" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819175816/http://mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=325170 |date=19 August 2012 }}, Mail & Guardian Online, 16 November 2007.
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10. ^Brendan Boyle, "Winnie Mandela tops ANC election list" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002000000/http://www.thetimes.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=666599|date=2 October 2008}}, The Times (South Africa), 21 December 2007.
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23. ^See also Virodene for further references
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61. ^[https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2017-11-05-smoked-out-dlamini-zumas-secret-backers/ Smoked out! Dlamini-Zuma’s secret backers]. Times South Africa (2017-11-05). Retrieved 2017-12-18.
62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.humanipo.com/news/46302/zumas-daughter-appointed-chief-of-staff-at-telecoms/|title=Zuma's daughter appointed chief of staff at telecoms department|date=25 July 2014|publisher=Human IPO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728192831/http://www.humanipo.com/news/46302/zumas-daughter-appointed-chief-of-staff-at-telecoms/|archive-date=28 July 2014|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 July 2014|author=Mulligan, Gabriella|df=}}
63. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/article88543.ece/SO-WHO-WILL-THE-ZUMA-FIRST-LADY-BE-|title=So who will the Zuma First Lady be?|last=Molele|first=Charles|date=15 December 2007|work=The Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516151639/http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/article88543.ece/SO-WHO-WILL-THE-ZUMA-FIRST-LADY-BE-|archive-date=16 May 2011|location=UK}}
64. ^ http://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/your-life-entertainment-your-life/1340408/did-anc-lose-votes-because-of-uzalo-zumas-daughter-explains/
65. ^ http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Funding-for-Zumas-daughters-soapie-debated-20150623
{{Commons category|Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma}}{{-}}{{s-start}}{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Rina Venter}}{{s-ttl|title=Minister of Health|years=1994–1999}}{{s-aft|after=Manto Tshabalala-Msimang}}
|-{{s-bef|before=Alfred Nzo}}{{s-ttl|title=Minister of Foreign Affairs|years=1999–2009}}{{s-aft|after=Maite Nkoana-Mashabane
{{nowrap|{{small|as Minister of International Relations and Cooperation}}}}}}
|-{{s-bef|before=Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula}}{{s-ttl|title=Minister of Home Affairs|years=2009–2012}}{{s-aft|after=Naledi Pandor}}
|-{{s-intgov}}{{s-bef|before=Jean Ping}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the African Union Commission|years=2012–2017}}{{s-aft|after=Moussa Faki}}{{s-end}}{{SAHealthMinisters}}{{SouthAfricaForeignMinisters}}{{Nelson Mandela cabinet 1}}{{Nelson Mandela cabinet 2}}{{Thabo Mbeki cabinet 1}}{{Thabo Mbeki cabinet 2}}{{Kgalema Motlanthe cabinet 1}}{{Jacob Zuma cabinet 1}}{{Jacob Zuma cabinet 2}}{{African Union Commission chairpersons}}{{Authority control}}{{Jacob Zuma}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Dlamini-Zuma, Nkosazana}}

23 : 1949 births|Living people|African National Congress politicians|Alumni of the University of Bristol|Anti-apartheid activists|Chairpersons of the African Union Commission|Female foreign ministers|Foreign ministers of South Africa|Health ministers of South Africa|Jacob Zuma|Members of the National Assembly of South Africa|Ministers of Home Affairs of South Africa|People from KwaZulu-Natal|South African physicians|Women government ministers of South Africa|University of Natal alumni|University of Zululand alumni|Zulu people|20th-century women politicians|21st-century women politicians|Female interior ministers|South African women diplomats|Women members of the National Assembly of South Africa
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