“No. 4 Squadron RAF”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

No. 4 Squadron, sometimes written as No. IV Squadron, of the Royal Air Force operates the BAE Hawk T2 in the training role from RAF Valley,^[2] as a part of No. 4 Flying Training School.

History

Formation and First World War

No. 4 Squadron formed at Farnborough in 1912 as part of the Royal Flying Corps. Operating a miscellaneous mixture of aircraft including early Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2s and Breguet biplanes, it quickly moved to Netheravon where it remained until the outbreak of the First World War. The more useful aircraft in its inventory were sent to France under the command of Major G. H. Rayleigh on 16 August 1914, to carry out reconnaissance in support of the British Expeditionary Force. On 19 August Lieutenant G. W. Mapplebeck flew the squadron's first mission over France, a reconnaissance flight searching for German cavalry in the vicinity of Gembloux, Belgium. Other aircraft remained in England to carry out anti-Zeppelin patrols.^[3]^[4]^[5]

The contingent in France was reinforced on 20 September by the personnel who had remained behind in England, forming C Flight, equipped with Maurice Farman "Shorthorns". It concentrated on the reconnaissance role, standardising on the B.E.2 in 1916. In the Battle of the Somme, 4 Squadron flew contact patrols keeping track of the position of advancing troops at low level, in addition to more regular reconnaissance and artillery spotting missions. It re-equipped with the Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 in June 1917, in time to take part in the Battle of Messines and the Battle of Passchendaele. During this period William Robinson Clarke, the first black pilot to serve for Britain, flew for the squadron. It remained equipped with the R.E.8 until the Armistice with Germany on 11 November 1918 ended the fighting.^[5] The Squadron returned to the United Kingdom in February 1919, disbanding in September that year.^[3]

Between the wars

No 4 Squadron reformed on 30 April 1920 at Farnborough, equipped with Bristol F.2 Fighters. Part of the squadron moved to Aldergrove near Belfast in November 1920 as a result of the Irish War of Independence, moving to Baldonnel Aerodrome near Dublin in May 1921, before rejoining the rest of the squadron at Farnborough in January 1922.^[3]^[5]^[6] The Squadron deployed on Royal Navy aircraft carriers when they sailed to Turkey on HMS Ark Royal and Argus during the Chanak crisis in August 1922, returning to Farnborough in September 1923. When the 1926 General Strike broke out, No. 4 Squadron's aircraft were used to patrol railway lines to deter feared sabotage.^[5]^[7]

In October 1929, the elderly Bristol Fighters were replaced with new Armstrong Whitworth Atlas aircraft, purpose-designed for the squadron's Army co-operation role, while these in turn were replaced by Hawker Audaxes in December 1931.^[5]^[8]^[9] In February 1937 it moved from Farnborough to RAF Odiham, soon re-equipping with the Hawker Hector, a more powerful derivative of the Audax. In January 1939, it discarded its Hector biplanes in favour of the new monoplane Westland Lysander.^[10]

Second World War

Shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, the squadron moved to France as part of the British Expeditionary Force. Following Germany's invasion of France and the Low Countries on 10 May 1940, 4 Squadron was frequently forced to change bases by the approach of the advancing German armies, being withdrawn to the UK on 24 May.^[6] Losses had been heavy, with 18 aircrew killed, while 60% of the groundcrew were lost.^[5] It continued in the coastal patrol and air-sea rescue role while training for its main Army co-operation role after returning to the UK.^[8]

In 1942 the Squadron changed its mission from the Army co-operation role, where it would operate fairly low-performance aircraft from airstrips close to the front-line, to that of fighter-reconnaissance, receiving the more modern Curtiss Tomahawk and North American Mustang, soon settling on the Mustang, flying low-level attack and reconnaissance flights against targets on the continent. In August 1943, it joined 2 Tactical Air Force in support of the planned invasion of Europe, changing to the pure reconnaissance mission in January, and replacing its Mustangs with Mosquito PR.XVI and Spitfire PR.XIs. It discarded its Mosquitoes in June, moved to France in August, and briefly supplemented its Spitfires with a few Hawker Typhoons for low-level reconnaissance. It retained its Spitfires at VE Day, moving to Celle in Germany to carry out survey operations in support of the British Army of Occupation until it was disbanded on 31 August 1945.^[3]^[5]^[11]

Post War operations

The squadron reformed the next day by renumbering 605 Squadron, a light bomber squadron equipped with Mosquitoes based at Volkel in the Netherlands. It re-equipped with de Havilland Vampire fighter-bombers in July 1950, replacing them with North American Sabres in October 1953. The Sabres were discarded in favour of the Hawker Hunter in July 1955, retaining these until the squadron disbanded at RAF Jever on 31 December 1960.^[5]^[10]

Again, the squadron did not remain dormant for long, as it reformed on 1 January 1961 by renumbering No. 79 Squadron RAF, flying Hunter FR.10s in the low-level reconnaissance role. It re-equipped with the Hawker-Siddeley Harrier in 1970, first flying them from RAF Wildenrath in West Germany. It moved on to RAF Gütersloh in 1977.^[5]^[10]

The squadron operated the Harrier until the final withdrawal of the type, receiving numerous upgrades and new versions over the years. In April 1999, the squadron left Germany to move to RAF Cottesmore.^[12]

On 31 March 2010, No. 4 Squadron disbanded and reformed as No. 4 (Reserve) Squadron at RAF Wittering, taking over from No. 20 (R) Squadron as the Harrier Operational Conversion Unit.^[13] As a result of the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, the squadron disbanded in January 2011,^[14] only to reform on 24 November 2011, when No. 19 (R) Squadron, operating the BAE Hawk T2 from RAF Valley in the tactical weapons training role, was renumbered.^[2]

Aircraft operated

Commanding officers

See also

References

Citations

1. ^{{cite book|last1=Pine|first1=L.G.|title=A dictionary of mottoes|date=1983|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|location=London|isbn=0-7100-9339-X|page=108|edition=1}}
2. ^¹{{cite web|title=IV Squadron Royal Air Force are Re-Born|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/news/archive/iv-squadron-royal-air-force-are-reborn-24112011|work=www.raf.mod.uk|publisher=RAF|accessdate=26 December 2011|date=24 November 2011}}
3. ^¹²³Ashworth 1989, p. 32.
4. ^Yoxall 1950, pp. 255–256.
5. ^Yoxall 1950, pp. 256–258.
6. ^¹Yoxall 1950, p. 258.
7. ^Yoxall 1950, pp. 258–259.
8. ^¹Yoxall 1950, p. 259.
9. ^Halley 1980, p. 22.
10. ^¹²Halley 1980, pp. 22–23.
11. ^Yoxall 1950, pp. 261–262.
12. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸{{Cite web|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/4squadron.cfm|title=4 Squadron|work=www.raf.mod.uk|publisher=Royal Air Force|accessdate=4 May 2010}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.airinternational.com/view_news.asp?ID=1855|title=IV into 20 goes once|date=2010-04-01|work=Air International|accessdate=4 May 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617052527/http://www.airinternational.com/view_news.asp?ID=1855|archivedate=17 June 2011|df=dmy-all}}
14. ^Air of Authority: Squadron Histories 1-5 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901003701/http://www.rafweb.org/Sqn001-5.htm |date=1 September 2014 }}
15. ^Halley 1980, p. 23.
16. ^Bruce 1982, p. 147.
17. ^Bruce 1982, p.610.
18. ^Bruce 1982, p. 288.
19. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1950/1950%20-%200384.html |title=No. 4 Squadron RAF: The History of One of Our Most Famous Units |first=John |last=Yoxall |issue=2148 |volume=LVII |page=256 |journal=Flight |date=23 February 1950 |accessdate=25 July 2015 }}
20. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.fourfax.co.uk/history/sqn-commanding-officers |title=Squadron Commanding Officers |work=Fourfax: No. IV (AC) Squadron Association |date=19 April 2010 |accessdate=25 July 2015}}