| 词条 | 157 series | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = 157 series | image = 157series01.JPG | imagealt = | imagesize = 300px | caption = A 157 series EMU on an imperial train working, June 1978 | service = September 1959 –1980 | manufacturer = Kawasaki Sharyo, Kisha, Nippon Sharyo | factory = | family = | replaced = | yearconstruction = 1959-1963 | yearservice = | refurbishment = | yearscrapped = | numberconstruction= | numberbuilt = 32 vehicles | numberservice = None | numberpreserved = 1 vehicle | numberscrapped = 31 vehicles | formation = | fleetnumbers = | capacity = | operator = JNR | depots = Tamachi | lines = | carbody = Steel | trainlength = | carlength = | width = | height = | floorheight = | doors = | maxspeed = | weight = | acceleration = | deceleration = | traction = Resistor control | poweroutput = | transmission = | aux = | powersupply = | hvac = | electricsystem = 1,500 V DC | collectionmethod = Overhead wire | bogies = | brakes = | safety = | coupling = | multipleworking = | gauge = {{Track gauge|1067mm|lk=on}} }} The {{Nihongo|157 series|157系}} was a Japanese DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated on limited express services by Japanese National Railways (JNR) from 1959 until 1980. OperationsThe 157 series EMUs were first introduced by JNR on Nikkō semi express services between {{STN|Tokyo}} and {{STN|Nikkō}} on 22 September 1959 to counter competition from the private company Tobu Railway, which also operated trains to Nikkō.[1] They were also used on Chusenji services between {{STN|Shinjuku}} and Nikkō, and Nasuno services between {{STN|Ueno}} and {{STN|Kuroiso}}.[2] 157 series EMUs were also introduced on seasonal Hibiki services on the Tokaido Main Line from 21 November 1959, and were later used on Amagi and Soyokaze services.[1] Fleet details
External liveryInitially painted in the JNR livery of beige ("Cream No. 4") and crimson ("Red No. 11"), the red colour was later changed to a slightly darker shade ("Red No. 2") when the sets were modified with the addition of air-conditioning.[2] KuRo 157-1 imperial train carThe 157 series fleet included a dedicated imperial train car, built by Kawasaki Sharyo (present-day Kawasaki Heavy Industries) and delivered in June 1960.[4] Numbered KuRo 157-1, the car could be inserted into 157 series formations for use on imperial train workings.[5] One end had a gangwayed driving cab based on the 153 series EMU design, although the car was normally sandwiched in the middle of a 157 series formation, and was only very rarely used with the driving cab leading.[4] In 1979, the car was modified for use in conjunction with 183 series EMUs, with the first official working on 2 July 1980.[4] From March 1985, it was repainted in cream with a green stripe for use in conjunction with 185 series EMUs.[4] The last official operation of the car was on 8 September 1993.[4] Following retirement, the KuRo 157-1 car remained in storage at Tamachi Depot for many years, but was moved to Tokyo General Rolling Stock Centre in the early hours of 2 December 2012.[6] HistoryThe first 157 series set was delivered in August 1959, and entered service on Nikkō semi express services between Tokyo and Nikkō from 22 September 1959.[2] Air-conditioning was added to the trains from 1962.[7] With the exception of the special imperial train car KuRo 157-1, the entire fleet of 157 series trains was withdrawn by 1980.[2] Fleet detailsThe individual car histories are as follows.[8]
References{{Commons category|JNR 157|157 series}}1. ^1 {{cite book | last = Ogano| first = Minoru |title = 新幹線・特急大図鑑2011 |trans-title=Shinkansen & Limited Express Directory 2011| publisher = JTB Publishing | date = March 2011 | location = Japan | page = 132| isbn = 978-4-533-08193-4}} {{JNR EMU}}{{JR East EMU}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|last = Fukuhara | first = Shunichi| title = 国鉄157系を振り返る|trans-title= Looking back at the JNR 157 series| journal = Japan Railfan Magazine | volume = 53| issue = 623|page=97–101|language= Japanese| date = March 2013}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |title = 写真とイラストで見る国鉄急行型電車のすべて |trans-title=JNR Express EMUs in pictures|publisher = Neko Publishing Ltd.|date = 29 November 2013 |location = Japan |pages = 36–39|isbn = 978-4-7770-1532-0}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal| last = Okada| first = Seiichi| title = 1号御料車とクロ157|trans-title= Imperial Carriage No. 1 and KuRo 157| journal = Japan Railfan Magazine | volume = 47| issue = 549|page=9–31|language= Japanese| date = January 2007}} 5. ^{{cite book | title = JR全車輌ハンドブック2009 |trans-title=JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2009| publisher = Neko Publishing | year = 2009 | location = Japan | page = 140| isbn = 978-4-7770-0836-0}} 6. ^{{cite journal| last = | first = | title = 12/2, クロ157-1・クモヤ145-114が東京総合車両センターへ|trans-title= KuRo 157-1 and KuMoYa 145-114 moved to Tokyo General Rolling Stock Centre| journal = Japan Railfan Magazine | volume = 53| issue = 622|page=162| date = February 2013}} 7. ^{{cite book| last = Teramoto | first = Mitsuteru | title = 国鉄・ＪＲ列車名大辞典 |trans-title=JNR & JR Train Name Encyclopedia| publisher = Chuoshoin Publishing Co., Ltd. | date = July 2001 | location = Tokyo, Japan | pages = 424–425| isbn = 978-4-88732-093-2}} 8. ^{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR電車編成表 2016冬 |trans-title=JR EMU Formations - Winter 2016 |publisher = Kotsu Shimbunsha |date = 18 November 2015 |location = Japan |language = Japanese |page = 385–386|isbn = 978-4-330-62315-3}} 4 : Electric multiple units of Japan|East Japan Railway Company|Train-related introductions in 1959|1959 in rail transport |
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