| 词条 | 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera |
| 释义 |
| name = Eruption of Mount Tarawera | photo = Charles-Blomfield-Mount-Tarawera-in-eruption-June-10-1886.jpg | photo-size = 200px | caption = Mount Tarawera in Eruption by Charles Blomfield | date = 10 June 1886 | time = 2 a.m. | volcano = Mount Tarawera | type = Plinian, Peléan | location = North Island, New Zealand | coordinates = {{coord|38|13|0|S|176|31|0|E|display=inline}} | VEI = 5 | map = | map-size = | map-caption = | impact =120–150 people killed, Pink and White Terraces destroyed }} The most recent eruption of Mount Tarawera occurred in the early hours of 10 June 1886 in the North Island, New Zealand. It is the deadliest eruption in New Zealand since the arrival of Europeans. Up to 150 people, mostly Māori, were killed, and many settlements were destroyed or buried.[1] EruptionShortly after midnight on Thursday 10 June 1886, a series of increasingly violent earthquakes struck the North Island, New Zealand.[2] Beginning at 2 a.m., the three peaks of Mount Tarawera erupted, spewing molten rock and columns of smoke and ash up to {{convert|10|km}} into the air. The eruption was heard as far as Blenheim. Earthquakes and lightning occurred at the same time.[3] EffectsThe eruption split the mountain and created the Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley, which lies at the south-western end of the {{convert|17|km}} rift created on June 10, 1886. The famed Pink and White Terraces, natural wonders of New Zealand, were until 2017 thought destroyed. Recent research using a forgotten 1859 survey has suggested possible locations of the Pink and White Terraces.[4][5] The land was covered with millions of tonnes of volcanic ash, mud and debris on average {{convert|20|m}} thick.[6] The Māori settlements of Moura, Te Koutu, Kokotaia, Piripai, Pukekiore, Otuapane, Te Tapahoro, Te Wairoa, Totarariki, and Waingongoro were buried or destroyed. The official death toll was reported as 150, and many more were displaced, making the eruption the most deadly in New Zealand history.[7] Te Wairoa is now a tourist attraction called "The Buried Village". Many people survived by sheltering in Te Wairoa's stronger buildings.[1]See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Eruption of Mt Tarawera |url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/eruption-of-mt-tarawera |publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage |accessdate=6 July 2015}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tarawera 1886}}2. ^{{cite news|title=On this day: Tarawera volcanic eruption in 1886|url=http://www.eqc.govt.nz/news/on-this-day-tarawera-volcanic-eruption-in-1886|accessdate=6 July 2015|publisher=New Zealand Earthquake Commission}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Mt Tarawera eruption 125th anniversary|url=http://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/bay-of-plenty/places/lake-tarawera-scenic-reserve/mt-tarawera-eruption-125th-anniversary/|publisher=Department of Conservation, Government of New Zealand}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Bunn|first=Rex|last2=Nolden|first2=Sascha|date=2017-06-07|title=Forensic cartography with Hochstetter's 1859 Pink and White Terraces survey: Te Otukapuarangi and Te Tarata|journal=Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand|volume=0|pages=39–56|doi=10.1080/03036758.2017.1329748|issn=0303-6758}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Bunn and Nolden|first=Rex and Sascha|date=December 2016|title=Te Tarata and Te Otukapuarangi: Reverse engineering Hochstetter's Lake Rotomahana Survey to map the Pink and White Terrace locations|url=https://ojs.victoria.ac.nz/jnzs/article/view/3988|journal=Journal of New Zealand Studies|volume=NS23|pages=37–53|via=}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/Science-Topics/Volcanoes/New-Zealand-Volcanoes/Volcano-Geology-and-Hazards/Waimangu-Geology|title=Waimangu: Geology|publisher=GNS Science|accessdate=6 July 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Okataina Volcanic Centre |url=http://info.geonet.org.nz/display/volc/Okataina+Volcanic+Centre|accessdate=6 July 2015 |publisher=New Zealand GeoNet}} 6 : 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera|19th-century volcanic events|History of New Zealand|1886 natural disasters|Natural disasters in New Zealand|June 1886 events |
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