“1889 in Brazil”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Incumbents

Monarch – Emperor Pedro II (until 15 November)

Prime Minister – João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira (until 7 June); Afonso Celso, Viscount of Ouro Preto (from 7 June to 15 November), none (from 15 November)

President – Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca (de facto, from 15 November)

Vice-President – none

Events

3 May – The Cabinet of João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira loses a vote of no confidence.

7 June – Afonso Celso de Assis Figuereido, Viscount of Ouro Preto, is appointed to replace Correia de Oliveira as prime minister.^[1]

July – Emperor Dom Pedro II travels to Minas Gerais, demonstrating both that he is still actively engaged in government and the depth of support for the monarchy in the province.^[2]^[3]

11 November – Republicans meet at the home of Rui Barbosa to plan a coup. The chief organizers are Benjamin Constant, Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, Quintino Bocaiúva and Aristides Lobo.

15 November – A coup d'état institutes the First Brazilian Republic.^[4]^[5]^[6]

17 November – Emperor Dom Pedro II and his family are sent into exile in Europe.^[7]

19 November – A new national flag, devised by Raimundo Teixeira Mendes, is adopted by the republic.

24 December – The former royal family receive official notice that they will never be allowed to return to Brazil.

Deaths

29 March – Teófilo Dias, poet, journalist and lawyer (b. 1854)^[8]

26 June – Tobias Barreto, poet, philosopher, jurist and critic (b. 1839)^[9]

28 June – Francisco Otaviano, poet, lawyer, diplomat, journalist and politician (b. 1825)

21 October – Irineu Evangelista de Sousa, Viscount of Mauá, entrepreneur, industrialist, banker and politician (b. 1813)

28 December – Empress Teresa Cristina, wife of Emperor Dom Pedro II (b. 1822)^[10]

References

1. ^{{cite book | last1 = Carvalho | first1 = José Murilo de | year = 2007 | language = Portuguese | title = D. Pedro II: ser ou não ser | publisher = Companhia das Letras | location = São Paulo | isbn = 978-85-359-0969-2 | p = 205 }}
2. ^{{cite book | last1 = Barman | first1 = Roderick J. | year = 1999 | title = Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891 | publisher = Stanford University Press | location = Stanford | isbn = 978-0-8047-3510-0 }}
3. ^{{cite book | last1 = Calmon | first1 = Pedro | year = 1975 | language = Portuguese | title = História de D. Pedro II | volume = 1–5 | publisher = José Olímpio | location = Rio de Janeiro | p = 352 }}
4. ^{{cite book | last1 = Barman | first1 = Roderick J. | year = 1999 | title = Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891 | publisher = Stanford University Press | location = Stanford | isbn = 978-0-8047-3510-0 }}
5. ^{{cite book | last1 = Calmon | first1 = Pedro | year = 1975 | language = Portuguese | title = História de D. Pedro II | volume = 1–5 | publisher = José Olímpio | location = Rio de Janeiro }}
6. ^{{cite book | last1 = Lira | first1 = Heitor | year = 1977 | language = Portuguese | title = História de Dom Pedro II (1825–1891): Declínio (1880–1891) | volume = 3 | publisher = Itatiaia | location = Belo Horizonte }}
7. ^{{cite book | last1 = Carvalho | first1 = José Murilo de | year = 2007 | language = Portuguese | title = D. Pedro II: ser ou não ser | publisher = Companhia das Letras | location = São Paulo | isbn = 978-85-359-0969-2 | p = 220 }}
8. ^Teófilo Dias' biography at the official site of the Brazilian Academy of Letters {{pt icon}}
9. ^Tobias Barreto's biography at the official site of the Brazilian Academy of Letters {{pt icon}}
10. ^{{cite book | last1 = Barman | first1 = Roderick J. | year = 1999 | title = Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891 | publisher = Stanford University Press | location = Stanford | isbn = 978-0-8047-3510-0 | p = 371 }}

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Incumbents

Events

Arts and culture

Books

Births

Deaths

References