| 词条 | 1897 Italian general election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = Italian general election, 1897 | country = Kingdom of Italy | type = legislative | ongoing = no | previous_election= Italian general election, 1895 | previous_year = 1895 | next_election = Italian general election, 1900 | next_year = 1900 | seats_for_election = All 508 seats to the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy | election_date = 21–28 March 1897 | image1 = | leader1 = Giovanni Giolitti | leaders_seat1 = | party1 = Historical Left | seats1 = 327 | seat_change1 = {{decrease}}7 | popular_vote1 = 799,517 | percentage1 = 64.4% | swing1 = {{increase}}5.8% | image2 = | leader2 = Antonio Starabba di Rudinì | leaders_seat2 = | party2 = Historical Right | seats2 = 99 | seat_change2 = {{decrease}}5 | popular_vote2 = 242,090 | percentage2 = 19.5% | swing2 = {{decrease}}2.1% | image3 = | leader3 = Felice Cavallotti | leaders_seat3 = | party3 = Historical Far Left | seats3 = 42 | seat_change3 = {{decrease}}5 | popular_vote3 = 103,043 | percentage3 = 8.3% | swing3 = {{decrease}}3.4% | map_image = | map_size = | map_caption = | title = Prime Minister | posttitle = Elected Prime Minister | before_election = Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì | after_election = Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì | before_party = Historical Right | after_party = Historical Right }}General elections were held in Italy on 21 March 1897, with a second round of voting on 28 March.[1] The "Ministerial" left-wing bloc, led by Giovanni Giolitti remained the largest in Parliament, winning 327 of the 508 seats.[2] Historical backgroundThe humiliating defeat of the Italian army at Adwa in March 1896 in Ethiopia during First Italo-Ethiopian War, brought about Francesco Crispi's resignation after riots broke out in several Italian towns.[3][4] The ensuing Antonio di Rudini cabinet lent itself to Cavallotti’s campaign, and at the end of 1897 the judicial authorities applied to the Chamber of Deputies for permission to prosecute Crispi for embezzlement. A parliamentary commission of inquiry discovered only that Crispi, on assuming office in 1893, had found the secret service coffers empty, and had borrowed money from a state bank to fund it, repaying it with the monthly installments granted in regular course by the treasury. The commission, considering this proceeding irregular, proposed, and the Chamber adopted, a vote of censure, but refused to authorize a prosecution. The crisis consequent upon the disaster of Adowa enabled Rudinì to return to power as premier and minister of the interior in a cabinet formed by the veteran Conservative, General Ricotti. He signed the Treaty of Addis Ababa that formally ended the First Italo–Ethiopian War recognizing Ethiopia as an independent country.[5] He endangered relations with Great Britain by the unauthorized publication of confidential diplomatic correspondence in a Green-book on Abyssinian affairs. Di Rudinì recognized the excessive brutality of the repression of the Fasci Siciliani under his predecessor Crispi. Many Fasci members were pardoned and released from jail.[6] A new party participated to the election, the Italian Republican Party (PRI), led by Carlo Sforza. The PRI traces its origins from the time of Italian unification and, more specifically, to the democratic-republican wing represented by figures such as Giuseppe Mazzini, Carlo Cattaneo and Carlo Pisacane. Parties and leaders
Results
|title=Parliamentary seats |titlebar=#ddd |width=550px |barwidth=500px |bars={{Bar percent|Left|{{Historical Left/meta/color}}|64.4}}{{Bar percent|Right|{{Historical Right/meta/color}}|19.5}}{{Bar percent|Far-Left|{{Historical Far Left/meta/color}}|8.3}}{{Bar percent|PRI|{{Italian Republican Party/meta/color}}|4.9}}{{Bar percent|PSI|{{Italian Socialist Party/meta/color}}|3.0}} }} References1. ^Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1047 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}} {{Italian elections}}2. ^Nohlen & Stöver, p1083 3. ^Vandervort, Wars of Imperial Conquest in Africa, 1830–1914, pp. 162-64 4. ^[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/07/05/106918840.pdf Italy’s African Fiasco], The New York Times, July 5, 1896 5. ^Harold Marcus, The Life and Times of Menelik II: Ethiopia 1844-1913 (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1995), pp. 174-177 6. ^[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/03/14/105743818.pdf Pardon for Italian Socialists], The New York Times, March 14, 1896 4 : General elections in Italy|1897 elections in Europe|1897 in Italy|March 1897 events |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。