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词条 1902 Orkney and Shetland by-election
释义

  1. Vacancy

  2. Electoral history

  3. Candidates

  4. Campaign

  5. Result

  6. Aftermath

  7. References

{{Infobox election
|election_name=1902 Orkney and Shetland by-election
|type=presidential
|country=United Kingdom
|previous_election=Orkney and Shetland (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1900s
|previous_year=1900
|next_election=Orkney and Shetland (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1900s
|next_year=1906
|election_date=18–19 November 1902
|candidate1=Cathcart Wason
|image1=
|party1=Independent Liberal
|popular_vote1=2,412
|percentage1=46.8
|candidate2=Thomas McKinnon Wood
|image2=
|party2=Liberal Party (UK)
|popular_vote2= 2,001
|percentage2=38.8
|candidate3=Theodore Angier
|image3=
|party3=Liberal Unionist
|popular_vote3=740
|percentage3=14.4
|map_image=File:OrkneyShetlandConstituency.svg
|map_size=250px
|title=MP
|posttitle=Subsequent MP
|before_election=Cathcart Wason
|before_party=Liberal Unionist
|after_election=Cathcart Wason
|after_party=Liberal Party (UK)

}}Orkney and Shetland is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. In the Scottish Parliament, Orkney and Shetland are separate constituencies.

The Orkney and Shetland by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

Vacancy

Cathcart Wason had been Liberal Unionist MP for the seat of Orkney and Shetland since the 1900 General Election. In July 1902 he decided to cross the floor of the House to sit with the Liberal opposition. Leaving the Liberal Unionist Party, he cited Government policy on the army, the Education Bill and the Irish land question.[1] He faced criticism from the Unionists in his constituency and following pressure, he resigned his seat on 7 October 1902 to contest the subsequent by-election.[2]

Electoral history

Since 1885, the seat had been always comfortably returned the Liberal Party candidate. Then the seat was surprisingly gained by Wason, standing as a Liberal Unionist in 1900;

{{Election box begin | title=General Election January 1900[3][4]}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Liberal Unionist
|candidate = Cathcart Wason
|votes = 2,057
|percentage = 50.5
|change = +10.4
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Leonard Lyell
|votes = 2,017
|percentage = 49.5
|change = -10.4
}}{{Election box majority
|votes = 40
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}{{Election box turnout
|votes = 4,074
|percentage = 54.9
|change = -1.0
}}{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Liberal Unionist
|loser = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

Candidates

  • Fifty-four-year-old sitting MP Cathcart Wason chose to fight his seat again, standing as an Independent Liberal. He had hoped to stand as the official Liberal candidate, but the local Liberal Association chose not to back him.[5] Although born in Scotland he moved to New Zealand and had served as an Independent Member of Parliament there. He returned to Britain in 1900 in time for the General Election to stand as a Liberal Unionist. His father, Rigby Wason had sat as a Whig MP and his older brother Eugene Wason was at the time a Liberal Party MP in Scotland.[6]
  • The local Liberal Unionist Association considered several candidates, including Captain John Nicholson, a native of Shetland who had contested Chester-le-Street as a Conservative in the 1900 General Election.[7] They eventually selected 59-year-old Theodore Angier as their candidate to defend the seat. He had no connection with the islands. He was a member of the Liberal Unionist Council. He had been a sailor. He owned the family steamship business. He had volunteered for service in the South African War. He was standing for parliament for the first time.[8]
  • In August 1902, the local Liberal Association had selected 47-year-old Thomas McKinnon Wood as their prospective candidate to re-gain the seat.[9] Although born in Stepney, his father had been born in Orkney where he was a farmer. Wood was a member of the London County Council for Central Hackney from 1892 and from 1897 he was leader of the Progressive Party and also served as Chairman of the council from 1898 to 1899. Wood stood unsuccessfully as a parliamentary candidate for East Islington in 1895 and Glasgow St. Rollox in 1900.[10]

Campaign

Polling Days were fixed for the 18–19 November 1902, over five weeks after Wason's resignation.

Result

Wason remarkably held his seat;

{{Election box begin | title=Orkney and Shetland by-election, 1902[11][12]}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent Liberal
|candidate = Cathcart Wason
|votes = 2,412
|percentage = 46.8
|change = +46.8
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Thomas McKinnon Wood
|votes = 2,001
|percentage = 38.8
|change = -10.7
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Liberal Unionist
|candidate = Theodore Angier
|votes = 740
|percentage = 14.4
|change = -36.1
}}{{Election box majority
|votes = 411
|percentage = 8.0
|change =
}}{{Election box turnout
|votes = 5,153
|percentage = 68.1
|change = +13.2
}}{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Independent Liberal
|loser = Liberal Unionist
|swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

Immediately following his re-election, Wason re-took the Liberal Party whip in the House of Commons.

Aftermath

By the time of the 1906 General Election, Wason had been fully integrated with the local Liberal Party and was re-elected as their official candidate;

{{Election box begin | title=General Election January 1906[13]}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Cathcart Wason
|votes = 3,837
|percentage = 79.0
|change = +29.5
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Liberal Unionist Party
|candidate = C J Dunlop
|votes = 1,021
|percentage = 21.0
|change = -29.5
}}{{Election box majority
|votes = 2,816
|percentage = 58.0
|change =
}}{{Election box turnout
|votes = 4,858
|percentage = 63.3
|change = +8.4
}}{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|loser = Liberal Unionist
|swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

McKinnon Wood was elected Liberal MP for Glasgow St Rollox at the 1906 General Election. Angier was knighted in 1904 and contested unsuccessfully, Gateshead at the 1906 General Election.

References

1. ^Aberdeen Journal, 30 Jul 1902
2. ^{{London Gazette| issue=27481 |page=6409 |date=10 October 1902}}
3. ^[https://archive.org/details/constitutionaly07unkngoog The Constitutional Year Book], 1904, published by Conservative Central Office, page 182 (206 in web page)
4. ^British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 by Craig
5. ^Aberdeen Journal, 18 Aug 1902
6. ^‘WASON, John Cathcart’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2007; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007 accessed 28 Nov 2013
7. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Election intelligence |day_of_week=Monday |date=18 August 1902 |page_number=4 |issue=36849| }}
8. ^‘ANGIER, Sir Theodore Vivian Samuel’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2007; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007 accessed 28 Nov 2013
9. ^Aberdeen Journal, 18 Aug 1902
10. ^‘WOOD, Rt. Hon. Thomas McKinnon’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2007; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007 accessed 28 Nov 2013
11. ^[https://archive.org/details/constitutionaly07unkngoog The Constitutional Year Book], 1904, published by Conservative Central Office, page 182 (206 in web page)
12. ^British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 by Craig
13. ^British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 by Craig
{{By-elections to the 27th UK Parliament}}

7 : 1902 elections in the United Kingdom|1902 in Scotland|20th century in Orkney|20th century in Shetland|By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Scottish constituencies|Politics of Orkney|Politics of Shetland
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