“1905 Brighton by-election”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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1905 Brighton by-election

释义

Vacancy
Electoral history
Candidates
Campaign
Result
Aftermath
References

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}{{Use British English|date=January 2015}}{{Infobox election
|election_name=1905 Brighton by-election
|type=presidential
|country=United Kingdom
|previous_election=Brighton (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1900s
|previous_year=1900
|next_election=Brighton (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1900s
|next_year=1906
|election_date=5 April 1905
|candidate1=Villiers
|image1=
|party1=Liberal Party (UK)
|popular_vote1=8,209
|percentage1=52.6
|candidate2=Loder
|image2=
|party2=Conservative Party (UK)
|popular_vote2=7,392
|percentage2=47.4
|map_image=
|map_size=250px
|title=MP
|posttitle=Subsequent MP
|before_election=Loder
|before_party=Conservative Party (UK)
|after_election=Villiers
|after_party=Liberal Party (UK)
}}

The Brighton by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It was one of only eight ministerial by-elections in the UK not to be retained by the incumbent.

Vacancy

Gerald Loder had been Conservative MP for the seat of Brighton since the Brighton by-election, 1889. He vacated his seat upon appointment as Lord Commissioner of the Treasury so as to seek re-election.

Electoral history

Brighton returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system. The seat had been Conservative since they gained it in 1885. They easily held both seats at the last election:

{{Election box begin | title=General Election January 1900^[1]}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate =Gerald Loder
|votes =7,858
|percentage =
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate =Bruce Vernon-Wentworth
|votes =6,626
|percentage =34.6
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent Conservative
|candidate = J. Kensit
|votes = 4,693
|percentage =24.5
|change =
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =62.2
|change =
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes =1,933
|percentage =10.1
|change =
}}{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

Candidates

The Conservatives re-selected 44-year-old Gerald Loder to defend the seat. He was private secretary to the President of the Local Government Board (Charles Ritchie) from 1888 to 1892 and to Lord George Hamilton (the Secretary of State for India) from 1896 to 1901.^[2]

The local Liberal Association selected 42-year-old Ernest Villiers as their candidate. He was ordained as an Anglican priest. After three years as a curate in Halifax, he became rector of Haveringland, Norfolk. He resigned from holy orders to pursue a political career.^[3]

Campaign

Polling Day was fixed for 5 April 1905.

Result

The Liberals gained the seat from the Conservatives:

{{Election box begin | title=Brighton by-election, 1905^[4]}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate =Ernest Villiers
|votes =8,209
|percentage =52.6
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate =Gerald Loder
|votes = 7,392
|percentage =47.4
|change =
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =76.3
|change =
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes =817
|percentage =
|change =
}}{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|loser = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

Aftermath

At the following General Election, the Liberals gained the other seat from the Conservatives, the result was:

{{Election box begin | title=General Election January 1906^[5]}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Ernest Villiers
|votes = 9,062
|percentage =26.4
|change =n/a
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Aurelian Ridsdale
|votes = 8,919
|percentage =26.0
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate =George Tryon
|votes =8,188
|percentage =23.8
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate =John Gordon
|votes =8,176
|percentage =23.8
|change =
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =82.5
|change =
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes =731
|percentage =2.2
|change =
}}{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|loser = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing =
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|loser = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

References

1. ^British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 by Craig
2. ^Who's Who
3. ^Who's Who
4. ^British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 by Craig
5. ^British parliamentary election results 1885-1918 by Craig

5 : 1905 elections in the United Kingdom|1905 in England|20th century in Sussex|Politics of Brighton and Hove|By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in East Sussex constituencies

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