| 词条 | 1908 Wolverhampton East by-election |
| 释义 |
|election_name=1908 Wolverhampton East |type=presidential |country=United Kingdom |previous_election=Wolverhampton East (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1900s |previous_year=1906 |next_election=Wolverhampton East (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1910s |next_year=Jan. 1910 |election_date=5 May 1908 |candidate1=Thorne |image1= |party1=Liberal Party (UK) |popular_vote1=4,514 |percentage1=50.0 |candidate2=Amery |image2= |party2=Liberal Unionist Party |popular_vote2=4,506 |percentage2=50.0 |map_image= |map_size=250px |title=MP |posttitle=Subsequent MP |before_election=Henry Fowler |before_party=Liberal Party (UK) |after_election=George Rennie Thorne |after_party=Liberal Party (UK) }} The Wolverhampton East by-election of 1908 was held on 5 May 1908. The by-election was held due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Liberal MP, Henry Fowler, who became Viscount Wolverhampton. It was won by the Liberal candidate George Rennie Thorne.[1] BackgroundThorne, who had stood unsuccessfully for election twice in the South and West divisions of Wolverhampton, seemed in nearly every way the stereotypical Liberal of his day; a pronounced nonconformist, a Baptist,[2] in a constituency where there were many nonconformist voters.[3] In his election meetings and literature he declared himself a supporter of free trade, the proposed Bill on Old Age Pensions, restricting to eight the hours that miners could be made to work daily, women’s suffrage, Irish Home Rule and any necessary reform of the House of Lords.[4] He was also strongly in favour of temperance and a supporter of the disestablishment of the Church of England.[2] Fowler had been unopposed in two of the previous four elections, and had won the last, in 1906, with more than two thirds of the votes cast, a majority of 2,865.[5] {{Election box begin|title=General Election 1906: Wolverhampton East [6][7]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=Henry Fowler |votes=5,610 |percentage=67.1 |change=n/a }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Unionist Party |candidate=Leo Amery |votes=2,745 |percentage=32.9 |change=n/a }}{{Election box majority| |votes=2,865 |percentage=34.2 |change=n/a }}{{Election box turnout| |votes= |percentage=85.6 |change=n/a }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Liberal Party (UK) |swing=n/a }}{{Election box end}} ResultThorne won the by-election by a majority of just eight votes from the Unionist candidate Leo Amery, who had lost to Fowler in 1906. {{Election box begin|title=Wolverhampton East by-election, 1908 [8]}}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=George Rennie Thorne |votes=4,514 |percentage=50.0 |change=-17.1 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Unionist Party |candidate=Leo Amery |votes=4,506 |percentage=50.0 |change=+17.1 }}{{Election box majority| |votes=8 |percentage=0.0 |change=-34.2 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes= |percentage=89.7 |change=+4.1 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Liberal Party (UK) |swing=-17.1 }}{{Election box end}} One of reasons it was such a narrow margin was the policy of the Suffragists at this time to oppose the candidates of the Liberal government because they would not bring in a Bill to provide votes for women. This was despite the individual views of the candidates, many of whom, like Thorne, were pro-women’s suffrage. A Mrs Lois Dawson, who had incorrectly been placed on the electoral register as Louis Dawson, was allowed to vote by a surprised polling station presiding officer, as she was clearly on the electoral roll.[2] Her vote was allowed to stand, although had there been a court scrutiny of the election result it would almost certainly have been rejected.[9] Aftermath{{Election box begin||title=General Election January 1910: Wolverhampton East [10][11] }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Party (UK) |candidate=George Rennie Thorne |votes=5,276 |percentage=54.2 |change=+4.2 }}{{Election box candidate with party link| |party=Liberal Unionist Party |candidate=Leo Amery |votes=4,462 |percentage=45.8 |change=-4.2 }}{{Election box majority| |votes=814 |percentage=8.4 |change=+8.4 }}{{Election box turnout| |votes=9,738 |percentage=95.1 |change=+9.5 }}{{Election box registered electors| |reg. electors=10,238 }}{{Election box hold with party link| |winner=Liberal Party (UK) |swing=+4.2 }}{{Election box end}} References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/Wcommons5.htm|title=The Wolverhampton East by-election of 1908 - the first vote cast by a woman?|first=Leigh|last=Rayment|year=2013|accessdate=29 January 2014|publisher=leighrayment.com}} {{By-elections to the 28th UK Parliament}}2. ^1 2 The Times, 6 May 1908 3. ^The Times, 14 April 1908 4. ^The Times, 21 April 1908 5. ^The Times, 13 April 1908. 6. ^British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, FWS Craig 7. ^The Liberal Year Book, 1907 8. ^British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, FWS Craig 9. ^The Times, 7 May 1908 10. ^Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916 11. ^British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, FWS Craig 6 : 1908 elections in the United Kingdom|1908 in England|By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Staffordshire constituencies|By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in West Midlands (county) constituencies|Elections in Wolverhampton|20th century in Staffordshire |
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