“1911 Bethnal Green South West by-election”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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1911 Bethnal Green South West by-election

释义

Vacancy
Electoral history
Candidates
Campaign
Result
Aftermath
References

{{Infobox election
|election_name=1911 Bethnal Green South West
|type=presidential
|country=United Kingdom
|previous_election=Bethnal Green South West (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1910s
|previous_year=Dec. 1910
|next_election=1914 Bethnal Green South West by-election
|next_year=1914
|election_date=29 July 1911
|candidate1=Masterman
|image1=
|party1=Liberal Party (UK)
|popular_vote1=2,745
|percentage1=50.4
|candidate2=Hoffgaard
|image2=
|party2=Conservative Party (UK)
|popular_vote2=2,561
|percentage2=47.1
|candidate3=Scurr
|image3=
|party3=Labour Party (UK)
|popular_vote3=134
|percentage3=2.5
|map_image=File:BethnalGreenSouthWest1885.png
|map_size=250px
|title=MP
|posttitle=Subsequent MP
|before_election=Edward Pickersgill
|before_party=Liberal Party (UK)
|after_election=Mathew Wilson
|after_party=Unionist Party (UK)
}}

The Bethnal Green South West by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

Vacancy

Edward Pickersgill, the sitting Liberal MP for Bethnal Green South West, resigned from the House of Commons in July 1911; in order to take up a post as a stipendary magistrate.^[1]

Electoral history

Pickersgill had been the MP for Bethnal Green South West since 1906, having previously represented the seat from its creation in 1885 until 1900. During the six-year period where Pickersgill did not represent the seat, it was represented by a Conservative. At the previous general election in December 1910, Pickersgill had been comfortably re-elected with a majority of 682 votes.

{{Election box begin|title=General Election December 1910 ^[2]
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate=Edward Pickersgill
|votes=2,768
|percentage=57.0
|change=-1.6
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate=Eric Alfred Hoffgaard
|votes=2,086
|percentage=43.0
|change=+1.6
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes=682
|percentage=14.0
|change=-3.2
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes=
|percentage=68.3
|change=-11.6
}}{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner=Liberal Party (UK)
|swing=-1.6
}}{{Election box end}}

Candidates

Following Pickersgill's re-election in December 1910, he had informed his local Liberal Association that he planned to leave politics to become a magistrate. In anticipation of Pickersgill's resignation, the local association selected Percy Harris as their candidate. Harris had previously stood as a Liberal Party candidate for parliament elsewhere on two occasions. However, he was a local man who had represented the constituency on the London County Council since 1907.

Charles Masterman had been Liberal MP for West Ham North until he was forced out by the courts early in 1911 when his December 1910 victory was declared void. Despite this disruption to his parliamentary status, he had continued in the government post of Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department. During this period, he was responsible for the passage through parliament of the National Insurance Act 1911. The Liberal Party leadership was keen to get Masterman back into parliament as soon as possible. They told Pickergill that his appointment as a magistrate was conditional upon him supporting Masterman rather than Harris as his successor. The party leadership and Pickergill put pressure on Harris to withdraw as candidate in favour of Masterman, which he did.^[3]^[4]

Eric Hoffgaard, who had been the Conservative Party candidate at the previous general election, was again selected to contest the seat. An Australian-born socialist John Scurr made it a three-way fight. When Masterman was selected as the official Liberal candidate, some of Harris' supporters decided to campaign in support of Scurr.^[5]

Campaign

Polling Day was fixed for the 29 July.

Result

The Liberals retained the seat and managed to gain a slightly increased majority:

{{Election box begin|title=By-Election 1911 ^[2]
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate=Charles Masterman
|votes=2,745
|percentage=50.4
|change=-6.6
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate=Eric Alfred Hoffgaard
|votes=2,561
|percentage=47.1
|change=+4.1
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Socialist Party
|candidate=John Scurr
|votes=134
|percentage=2.5
|change=n/a
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes=184
|percentage=3.3
|change=-10.7
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes=
|percentage=76.8
|change=+8.5
}}{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner=Liberal Party (UK)
|swing=-5.3
}}{{Election box end}}

Aftermath

In February 1914, Masterman was appointed Chancellor of the Ducky of Lancaster, and required to resign and fight another by-election and this time was defeated.

{{Election box begin|title=By-Election 1914 ^[2]
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate=Mathew Wilson
|votes=2,828
|percentage=47.6
|change=+0.5
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate=Charles Masterman
|votes=2,804
|percentage=47.1
|change=-3.3
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Socialist Party
|candidate=John Scurr
|votes=316
|percentage=5.3
|change=+2.8
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes=24
|percentage=0.5
|change=3.8
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes=
|percentage=83.5
|change=+6.7
}}{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner=Unionist Party (UK)
|loser=Liberal Party (UK)
|swing=+1.9
}}{{Election box end}}

References

1. ^{{Cite news|title=Obituary: Mr. E. H. Pickersgill |newspaper=The Times |date=14 October 1911 |page=9}}
2. ^¹²British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, FWS Craig
3. ^Forty Years in and out of Parliament by Sir Percy Harris
4. ^Dictionary of Liberal Biography
5. ^Forty Years in and out of Parliament by Sir Percy Harris

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