| 词条 | 1936 Madison Square Garden speech |
| 释义 |
The 1936 Madison Square Garden speech was a speech given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on October 31, 1936, three days before that year's presidential election. In the speech, Roosevelt pledged to continue the New Deal and criticized those who, in his view, were putting personal gain and politics over national economic recovery from the Great Depression. The speech was Roosevelt's last campaign speech before the election.[1] SynopsisRoosevelt had to wait around 15 minutes for the enthusiastic crowd at Madison Square Garden to calm down before commencing his speech.[2] Most of the speech outlined Roosevelt's economic policies. He reviewed some of the successes from his first term in the presidency, and explained how he saw critics and opponents of the New Deal as hampering economic recovery, especially to the detriment of working-class people. In expressing how strongly his administration would continue to promote New Deal policies, he paraphrased John Paul Jones, stating that "we have only just begun to fight." With World War II a few years away, Roosevelt expressed his desire for peace at home and abroad in the face of "war and rumor of war." Perhaps the most memorable line of the speech came when Roosevelt described forces which he labeled "the old enemies of peace: business and financial monopoly, speculation, reckless banking, class antagonism, sectionalism, war profiteering." He went on to claim that these forces were united against his candidacy; that "They are unanimous in their hate for me — and I welcome their hatred." AnalysisRoosevelt was able to state his goals so plainly because of his strong electoral position. His strong rhetoric, such as his suggestions that he would "master" the "forces" against him, privately worried some of his supporters for its political impact.[3] Nevertheless, Democrats held large majorities in both houses of Congress, and Roosevelt would go on to win the presidential election held three days later, in one of the most lopsided elections in American history.[4] While some contemporary forecasts of the election predicted a much closer contest,[5] most opinion polls pointed to victories in the popular vote and the Electoral College for Roosevelt.[3] The speech has been called a moment when Roosevelt "abandoned the characteristic balance of his addresses and focused his feelings in a stinging attack."[6] LegacyThe Madison Square Garden speech is regarded as a powerful expression of American liberalism. Historian Kenneth S. Davis called the speech "one of the great political speeches in American history."[2] Political analysts have compared the straightforwardness of Roosevelt's rhetoric, such as the "I welcome their hatred" comment, with the relative timidity of later politicians,[7] such as Barack Obama; psychologist Drew Westen made such an argument in The New York Times.[8] Historians, however, have pointed out that Roosevelt delivered the speech in much more favorable political conditions than later politicians have had to face.[4] References1. ^{{cite book |editor=Grafton, John |year=1999 |title=Great Speeches |location=Mineola, NY |publisher=Dover Publications |isbn=0486408949 |oclc=41468459 |page=57}} 2. ^1 {{cite book |last=Davis |first=Kenneth S. |year=1986 |title=FDR: The New Deal Years, 1933–1937 |location=New York |publisher=Random House |isbn=0394527534 |oclc=716221223 |page=644}} 3. ^1 {{cite book |last=Davis |first=Kenneth S. |year=1986 |title=FDR: The New Deal Years, 1933–1937 |location=New York |publisher=Random House |isbn=0394527534 |oclc=716221223 |page=645}} 4. ^1 {{cite news |last=Black |first=Eric |authorlink=Eric Black (writer) |date=26 August 2011 |title=What if Obama gave FDR's 'I welcome their hatred' speech? |url=http://www.minnpost.com/eric-black-ink/2011/08/what-if-obama-gave-fdrs-i-welcome-their-hatred-speech |newspaper=MinnPost |accessdate=10 February 2014}} 5. ^{{cite book |last=Weed |first=Clyde P. |year=1994 |title=The Nemesis of Reform |location=New York |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=0231084862 |oclc=29912165 |pages=104–112}} 6. ^{{cite book |last=Friedel |first=Frank |year=2009 |title=Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Rendezvous With Destiny |location=New York |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |isbn= 031609241X |oclc=500712611 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fRN2zUV5zNEC |accessdate=10 February 2014}} 7. ^{{cite book |last=Krugman |first=Paul R. |authorlink=Paul Krugman |year=2009 |title=The Conscience of a Liberal |location=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=0393333132 |oclc=456551564 |pages=59–60}} 8. ^{{cite news |last=Westen |first=Drew |authorlink=Drew Westen |date=6 August 2011 |title=What Happened to Obama? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/07/opinion/sunday/what-happened-to-obamas-passion.html |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=10 February 2014}} External links{{wikiquote|Franklin D. Roosevelt}}
6 : 1936 in American politics|1936 in New York (state)|1936 speeches|Madison Square Garden|Speeches by Franklin D. Roosevelt|1936 United States presidential election |
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