“1944 in Italy”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

1944 in Italy

释义

Incumbents
Events
Litterature and culture
Cinema
Births
Deaths
See also

Events from the year 1944 in Italy.

Incumbents

King: Victor Emmanuel III; from the 5 June, his functions are performed by the prince Umberto as “Lieutenant of the Kingdom”.
Prime Minister: Pietro Badoglio (Until 24 April, “government of experts”; until 18 June, national unity government with the six parties of the CLN)), Ivanoe Bonomi (starting 18 June; till December 12, national unity government with the six parties of the CLN; later, national unity government but without PSI and Pd'A.)

The Northern Italy is formally ruled by the Mussolini’s Italian Social Republic. Anyway, the effective power on Italy is in the hands of the occupation armies, allied or German.

From spring to autumn, several free republics are constituted by the Italian partisans (the most important is the Ossola republic), but, at the end of the year, are all fallen under the German and fascist attacks.

Events

January 8–10 - Verona trial
January 17/May 18: battle of Monte Cassino
January 22: landings in Anzio
January 30 – February 2 - Battle of Cisterna
March 1/7: general strike in the Northern Italy
March 2/3 - Balvano train disaster
March 18: the Badoglio cabinet is acknowledged by the Soviet Union and, later, by the Allied.
March 24 - Ardeatine massacre
June 3: foundation of the CGIL,gathering the unions of every political tendency
June 4: liberation of Rome
June 9: institution of the Corp of the Freedom's Volunteer, military organization of the Italian resistance.
June 16 – July 18 - Battle of Ancona
August 12 - Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre
August 22: Florence is freed by the Italian partisans and by the Aliied army.
August 25: the Gothic line offensive begins.
September 4–15 - Battle of Gemmano
September 29 - Marzabotto massacre
November 13: in a radio proclama, Harold Alexander announces the end of the Allied offensive and asks the Italian partisans to cease military operations.
December 26–28 - Battle of Garfagnana
December 28: the CLNAI (National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy) is acknowledged as representant of Italian government in the occupied territory.

Litterature and culture

L’Adalgisa (Carlo Emilio Gadda)
Kaputt (Curzio Malaparte)
The naked streets (by Vasco Pratolini).
Il marito in collegio (The husband in the boarding school, by Giovanni Guareschi)
Ascolto il tuo cuore, città (Listening to your heart, city, by Alberto Savinio).

In the freed Italy, the first cultural magazines inspired to the antifascist beliefs appear : Aretusa, Mercurio, La nuova Europa and Rinascita (official review of the PCI). In Florence, Italia e Civiltà, voice of the more moderate fascist wing, goes out for a few month.

Cinema

In spite of the tragic war situation, a fair number of new Italian movies, generally realized before the armistice, goes out in cinemas, (Sorelle Materassi, by Poggioli; The innkeeper, by Chiarini ; La donna della montagna, by Castellani). A limited film production goes on North Italy. Vivere ancora, began by Leo Longanesi in Rome the last year, is completed in Turin by Francesco de Robertis. In Venice, the authorities of the Italian Social Republic try to establish a new Cinecittà, called Cinevillaggio but the studios realize only a dozen of movies, of poor artistic value. In Rome, Vittorio De Sica directs The gates of heaven, produced by the Vatican. The processing of the movie, protracted for seven months, allows many antifascists, as De Sica himself, to wait in relative tranquility the liberation of the city.

Births

January 5 - Franco Ferrini, screenwriter
April 6 - Anita Pallenberg, film actress and model (d. 2017)

Deaths