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词条 1954 Soviet nuclear tests
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{{Infobox nuclear weapons test
|name = 1954
|picture =
|picture_description =
|country = Soviet Union
|test_site = Ground Zero, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Orenburg, Russia
|period = 1954
|number_of_tests = 10
|test_type = air drop, atmospheric, dry surface, tower
|max_yield = {{convert|62|ktTNT|lk=in}}
|previous_series = 1953 Soviet nuclear tests
|next_series = 1955 Soviet nuclear tests
}}{{GeoGroup|article=1954 Soviet nuclear tests}}

The Soviet Union's 1954 nuclear test series was a group of 10 nuclear tests conducted in 1954. These tests followed the 1953 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1955 Soviet nuclear tests series.

{{See also|List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union}}
 !style="background:#ffdead;" | Name [1] !style="background:#efefef;" | Date time (UT) !style="background:#ffdead;" | Local time zone [2][3] !style="background:#efefef;" | Location [4] !style="background:#ffdead;" | Elevation + height [5] !style="background:#efefef;" | Delivery, [6]
Purpose [7] !style="background:#efefef;" | Device [8] !style="background:#ffdead;" | Yield [9] !style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable" | Fallout [10] !style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable" | References !style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable" | Notes
Soviet Union's 1954 series tests and detonations
format=dmy|1954|9|14}} 06:33:??SVET (5 hrs)
52.64418|52.80547|name=9 (Joe 8)|display=inline}}000350|}} + {{convert|350|m|abbr=on}} air drop,
military exercise		 RDS-3{{sort|000400000|40 kt}} [11][12][13][14][15][16] The infamous Totsk test. Military exercise with real nuclear detonation; no warning to civilians; at Totsk, MoD test site, Orenburg Region. Unknown number of injuries. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAXi8wAzdIA (mistitled).
format=dmy|1954|9|29}}ALMT (6 hrs)
50.4|77.8|name=10|display=inline}}000490|}}{{convert|280|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|210|m|abbr=on}} atmospheric,
weapons development		{{sort|000002000|200 t}} [12][14][15][16][21]
format=dmy|1954|10|1}}ALMT (6 hrs)
50.4|77.8|name=11|display=inline}}000385|}}{{convert|280|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|105|m|abbr=on}} atmospheric,
weapons development		{{sort|000000300|30 t}} [12][14][15][16][21]
format=dmy|1954|10|3}}ALMT (6 hrs)
50.4|77.8|name=12 (Joe 9)|display=inline}}000410|}}{{convert|280|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|130|m|abbr=on}} atmospheric,
weapons development		{{sort|000020000|2 kt}} [11][12][13][14][15][16]
format=dmy|1954|10|5}} 03:00:??ALMT (6 hrs)
50.416|77.74|name=13 (Joe 10)|display=inline}}000280|}}{{convert|280|m|abbr=on}} + 0 dry surface,
weapons development		{{sort|000040000|4 kt}} [11][12][13][14][15][16]
format=dmy|1954|10|8}}ALMT (6 hrs)
50.4|77.8|name=14 (Joe 11)|display=inline}}000555|}}{{convert|280|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|275|m|abbr=on}} atmospheric,
weapons development		{{sort|000008000|800 t}} [11][12][13][14][15][16]
format=dmy|1954|10|19}}ALMT (6 hrs)
50.372|77.825|name=15|display=inline}}000295|}}{{convert|280|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|15|m|abbr=on}} tower,
weapons development		 RDS-9/T-5{{sort|000000000|less than 0.001 kt}} [12][14][15][16][21] First Soviet fizzle. T-5 torpedo charge.
format=dmy|1954|10|23}}ALMT (6 hrs)
50.4|77.8|name=16 (Joe 12)|display=inline}}000690|}}{{convert|280|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|410|m|abbr=on}} atmospheric,
weapons development		 RDS-3I{{sort|000620000|62 kt}} [11][12][13][14][15][16] RDS-3 with improved initiator.
format=dmy|1954|10|26}}ALMT (6 hrs)
50.4|77.8|name=17 (Joe 13)|display=inline}}000390|}}{{convert|280|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|110|m|abbr=on}} atmospheric,
weapons development		{{sort|000028000|2.8 kt}} [11][12][13][14][15][16]
format=dmy|1954|10|30}} 04:00:??ALMT (6 hrs)
50.416|77.74|name=18 (Joe 14)|display=inline}}000335|}}{{convert|280|m|abbr=on}} + {{convert|55|m|abbr=on}} air drop,
weapons development		{{sort|000100000|10 kt}} [11][12][13][14][15][16] Air dropped bomb, but with a very low height of burst.
1. ^The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.
2. ^To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. All historical timezone data are derived from here:
3. ^{{cite web| title=Timezone Historical Database| publisher=iana.com| url=http://www.ietf.org/timezones/| accessdate=March 8, 2014}}
4. ^Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.
5. ^Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
6. ^Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
7. ^Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
8. ^Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.
9. ^Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
10. ^Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.
11. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite book| publisher=RFNC-VNIIEF| year=1996| title=USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990| location=Sarov, Russia}} The official Russian list of Soviet tests.
12. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite book| editor-last=Podvig| editor-first=Pavel| year=2001| title=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces| publisher=MIT Press| location=Cambridge, MA| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CPRVbYDc-7kC&lpg=PA453&ots=vJQN2EUtRk&f=false| accessdate=January 9, 2014}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book| last1=Cochran| first1=Thomas B.| last2=Arkin| first2=William M.| first3=Robert S.| last3=Norris| first4=Jeffrey I.| last4=Sands| title=Nuclear Weapons Databook Vol. IV: Soviet Nuclear Weapons| publisher=Harper and Row| location=New York, NY}}
14. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite techreport| title=Nuclear explosions in the USSR: The North Test Site reference material, version 4| date=December 1, 2004| publisher=IAEA Dept. of Nuclear Safety and Security| url=http://www-ns.iaea.org/downloads/rw/waste-safety/north-test-site-final.pdf| accessdate=December 13, 2013}}
15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite techreport|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency| series=National Intelligence Estimate 11-2A-62| url=http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/89801/DOC_0000843187.pdf|title=Soviet Atomic Energy Program| accessdate=August 12, 2014| date=May 16, 1962}}
16. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite techreport| last1=Yang| first1=Xiaoping| first2=Robert| last2=North| first3=Carl| last3=Romney|date=August 2000| title=CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3)| publisher=SMDC Monitoring Research}}
17. ^1 2 3 {{cite techreport|last1=Andrushkin |first1=Vitaly V. |first2=William |last2=Leith |date=September 1, 2001 |title=The containment of Soviet underground nuclear explosions |publisher=USGS |type=Open File Report 01-312 |url=http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/pdf/USGSOFR01312.pdf |accessdate=December 13, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509080818/http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/pdf/USGSOFR01312.pdf |archivedate=May 9, 2013 |df= }}

References

{{reflist|refs=[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]
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3 : Soviet nuclear weapons testing|1954 in the Soviet Union|1954 in military history
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