| 词条 | 1964 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, 1964 | country = Pennsylvania | type = presidential | ongoing = no | previous_election = United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, 1960 | previous_year = 1960 | next_election = United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, 1968 | next_year = 1968 | election_date = November 3, 1964 | image1 = | nominee1 = Lyndon B. Johnson | party1 = Democratic Party (United States) | home_state1 = Texas | running_mate1 = Hubert Humphrey | electoral_vote1 = 29 | popular_vote1 = 3,130,954 | percentage1 = 64.9% | image2 = | nominee2 = Barry Goldwater | party2 = Republican Party (United States) | home_state2 = Arizona | running_mate2 = William E. Miller | electoral_vote2 = 0 | popular_vote2 = 1,673,657 | percentage2 = 34.7% | map_image = Pennsylvania Presidential Election Results 1964.svg | map_size = 300px | map_caption = County results{{col-start}}{{col-2}}Johnson{{legend|#86b6f2|50-60%}}{{legend|#4389e3|60-70%}}{{legend|#1666cb|70-80%}}{{col-2}}Goldwater{{legend|#e27f90|50-60%}}{{col-end}} | title = President | before_election = Lyndon B. Johnson | before_party = Democratic | after_election = Lyndon B. Johnson | after_party = Democratic }}{{ElectionsPA}} The 1964 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 3, 1964, and was part of the 1964 United States presidential election. Voters chose 29 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. BackgroundEver since the Republican Party formed in 1854 to stop the spread of slavery into the territories, Pennsylvania had been a solidly Republican state apart from the industrial "Black Country" of the southwest, the urban core of Philadelphia County, and those areas which had not supported the Civil War, such as the northern part of the Pennsylvania Dutch Country and the northeastern Delaware Valley. The southwestern region, however, had come to make the state Democratic-leaning in the 1950s, although relative to national trends Pennsylvania trended Republican in the 1960 election. However, during the 1960s the GOP was turning its attention from the declining rural Yankee counties to the growing and traditionally Democratic Catholic vote,[1] along with the conservative Sun Belt whose growth was driven by lower taxes, warm weather, and air conditioning. This growth meant that activist Republicans centred in the traditionally Democratic, but by the 1960s, middle-class Sun Belt had become much more conservative than the majority of members in the historic Northeastern GOP stronghold.[2] The consequence of this was that a bitterly divided Republican Party was able to nominate the staunchly conservative Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona, who ran with the equally conservative Republican National Committee chair, Congressman William E. Miller of New York. The staunch conservative Goldwater was widely seen in the liberal Northeastern United States as a right-wing extremist;[3] he had voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Johnson campaign portrayed him as a warmonger who as president would provoke a nuclear war.[4] Goldwater wrote Pennsylvania off from the very beginning of his campaign,[5] whilst local Republicans generally preferred moderate Governor William Scranton, who was encouraged to run (to no effect) by ex-President and former Gettysburg native Dwight D. Eisenhower.[6] Many Pennsylvania Congressmen, notably James G. Fulton, refused to endorse Goldwater.[7] VotePennsylvania overwhelmingly voted for the Democratic nominee, President Lyndon B. Johnson, over the Republican nominee, Senator Barry Goldwater. Johnson won Pennsylvania by a margin of 30.22 percent. Apart from William Howard Taft in 1912 and George H. W. Bush in 1992 when third-party candidates obtained substantial minorities of the vote, Goldwater's is easily the worst showing for a Republican in the state since that party was founded.[8] Even relative to Johnson's popular vote landslide, Pennsylvania came out as 7.64 percent more Democratic than the nation at-large; the only occasion under the current two-party system that the state has been more anomalously Democratic than this was in Ronald Reagan's 1984 Republican landslide when Pennsylvania came out about 10 percent more Democratic than the US at-large.[8]Johnson won all but four counties: the central Pennsylvania counties of Snyder and Union, which have not voted Democratic since the Civil War,[9] northeastern border Wayne County, which has never voted Democratic since Grover Cleveland won it in 1892, and Lebanon County, which has only once voted Democratic since 1856 when Franklin Roosevelt won by 587 votes in 1936.[10] This is the only occasion since 1856 when Lancaster County has not voted for the Republican presidential candidate, and was the first time since that election when suburban Delaware County had not voted Republican.[11] Seven other counties – Somerset, Butler and the northern bloc of Bradford, Tioga, Potter, Cameron and McKean – also cast their solitary vote for a Democratic presidential candidate since at least the Civil War. In addition to these counties voting Democratic for the solitary occasion since the Civil War, a large bloc of Appalachia and adjacent areas – comprising York County, Cumberland County, Franklin County, Adams County, Blair County, Lycoming County, Northumberland County, Bedford County, Clarion County, Crawford County, Fulton County, Huntingdon County, Pike County, Venango County, Mifflin County, Perry County, Jefferson County, Susquehanna County, Wyoming County, Juniata County, Montour County, and Sullivan County – have never voted for a Democratic candidate since.[9] This was also the last occasion until Barack Obama in 2008 that the Democrats won Dauphin County, Berks County, and Chester County. Within the more typically Democratic western and eastern peripheries Johnson won over 73 percent of the vote in Greene and Fayette Counties. Results
Results by county
References1. ^Phillips, Kevin; The Emerging Republican Majority; pp. 55-60 {{ISBN|978-0-691-16324-6}} {{State Results of the 1964 U.S. presidential election}}{{United States elections}}2. ^Nexon, David; 'Asymmetry in the Political System: Occasional Activists in the Republican and Democratic Parties, 1956-1964', The American Political Science Review, vol. 65, No. 3 (Sep., 1971), pp. 716-730 3. ^Donaldson, Gary; Liberalism's Last Hurrah: The Presidential Campaign of 1964; p. 190 {{ISBN|1510702369}} 4. ^Edwards, Lee and Schlafly, Phyllis; Goldwater: The Man Who Made a Revolution; pp. 286-290 {{ISBN|162157458X}} 5. ^Kelley, Stanley junior; 'The Goldwater Strategy'; The Princeton Review; pp. 8-11 6. ^Donaldson; Liberalism's Last Hurrah, chapter 3 7. ^Donaldson; Liberalism's Last Hurrah, p. 180 8. ^1 Counting the Votes; Pennsylvania 9. ^1 Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016 10. ^Scammon, Richard M. (compiler); America at the Polls: A Handbook of Presidential Election Statistics 1920-1964; p. 381 {{ISBN|0405077114}} 11. ^Menendez, Albert J.; The Geography of Presidential Elections in the United States, 1868-2004, pp. 287-290 {{ISBN|0786422173}} 12. ^{{cite web|author=David Leip|publisher=David Leip's Atlas of US Presidential Elections|url=https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=1964&fips=42&f=1&off=0&elect=0&minper=0|title=1964 Presidential General Election Results – Pennsylvania|accessdate=2018-03-25}} 3 : 1964 United States presidential election by state|United States presidential elections in Pennsylvania|1964 Pennsylvania elections |
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