| 词条 | Norman Bel Geddes | ||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Norman Bel Geddes | image = Norman Bel Geddes extracted.jpg | caption = | nationality = American | birth_date = {{birth date|1893|4|27}} | birth_place = {{nowrap|Adrian, Michigan, U.S.}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1958|5|8|1893|4|27}} | death_place = {{nowrap|New York City, U.S.}} | resting_place = | alma mater = | occupation = Theatrical designer Industrial designer | known_for = | notable_works = Airliner Number 4 Futurama Mark I computer case | spouse = Helen Belle Schneider Edith Lutyens | children = Barbara Bel Geddes }}Norman Bel Geddes (born Norman Melancton Geddes; April 27, 1893 – May 8, 1958) was an American theatrical and industrial designer.[1] Early lifeBel Geddes was born Norman Melancton Geddes in Adrian, Michigan, and raised in New Philadelphia, Ohio, the son of Flora Luelle (née Yingling) and Clifton Terry Geddes, a stockbroker.[2] When he married Helen Belle Schneider in 1916, they combined their names to Bel Geddes.[3] Their daughters were actress Barbara Bel Geddes[4] and writer Joan Ulanov.[5] CareerBel Geddes began his career with set designs for Aline Barnsdall's Los Angeles Little Theater in the 1916–17 season, then in 1918 as the scene designer for the Metropolitan Opera in New York. He designed and directed various theatrical works,[6] from Arabesque and The Five O'Clock Girl on Broadway to an ice show, It Happened on Ice, produced by Sonja Henie. He also created set designs for the film Feet of Clay (1924), directed by Cecil B. DeMille, designed costumes for Max Reinhardt, and created the sets for the Broadway production of Sidney Kingsley's Dead End (1935). {{Citation needed|date=June 2013}} Bel Geddes opened an industrial-design studio in 1927, and designed a wide range of commercial products, from cocktail shakers to commemorative medallions to radio cabinets. His designs extended to unrealized futuristic concepts: a teardrop-shaped automobile, and an Art Deco House of Tomorrow.[7] In 1929, he designed "Airliner Number 4," a 9-deck amphibian airliner that incorporated areas for deck-games, an orchestra, a gymnasium, a solarium, and two airplane hangars.[8] His book Horizons (1932) had a significant impact: "By popularizing streamlining when only a few engineers were considering its functional use, he made possible the design style of the thirties."[9] He wrote forward-looking articles for popular American periodicals.[10][11] In the classic science fiction film of H. G. Wells' Things to Come (1936), he assisted production designer William Cameron Menzies on the look of the world of tomorrow. Bel Geddes designed the General Motors Pavilion, known as Futurama, for the 1939 New York World's Fair. For that famous and enormously influential installation, Bel Geddes exploited his earlier work in the same vein: he had designed a "Metropolis City of 1960" in 1936.[12] Bel Geddes's book Magic Motorways (1940) promoted advances in highway design and transportation, foreshadowing the Interstate Highway System ("there should be no more reason for a motorist who is passing through a city to slow down than there is for an airplane which is passing over it" {{Citation needed|date=November 2018}}), along with aspects of driver assist and autonomous driving.[13] The case for the Mark I computer was designed by Norman Bel Geddes. IBM's Thomas Watson presented it to Harvard. At the time, some saw it as a waste of resources, since computing power was in high demand during this part of World War II and those funds could have been used to build additional equipment.{{cn|date=April 2018}} Death and legacyBel Geddes died in New York on May 8, 1958.[3] His autobiography, Miracle in the Evening, was published posthumously in 1960. Bel Geddes is a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame, a distinction he shares with his daughter, Barbara Bel Geddes.[14] The United States Postal Service issued a postage stamp honoring Bel Geddes as a "Pioneer Of American Industrial Design".[15] The archive of Norman Bel Geddes is held by the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin. This large collection includes models, drafts, watercolor designs, research notes, project proposals, and correspondence. The Ransom Center also holds the papers of Bel Geddes' wife, the noted costume designer and producer Edith Lutyens Bel Geddes.[16] GallerySelected publications
See also
References and notes1. ^{{cite book|first= Donald H.|last=Dyal|title=Norman Bel Geddes: Designer of the Future|location=Monticello, IL|publisher= Vance Bibliographies|year=1983|isbn= 9780880665841}} 2. ^{{cite web|first=James|last=Pylant|year=2005|title=The Midwestern Roots of Barbara Bel Geddes ("Miss Ellie")|url=http://www.genealogymagazine.com/babelge.html|work=GenealogyMagazine.com|publisher=Datatrace Systems|accessdate=October 21, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827094017/http://www.genealogymagazine.com/babelge.html|archivedate=August 27, 2012|df=}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|last=Magill|first=Frank N. |title=The 20th Century A-GI: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 7|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|page=1319|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nq1GU6I5umQC&pg=PA1319&dq=Norman+Bel+Geddes+adrian+mi&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ydgMU-X7G8HJygG20oGYCw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Norman%20Bel%20Geddes%20adrian%20mi&f=false}} 4. ^{{cite news |last=Fox |first=Margalit |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/11/arts/11belgeddes.html?_r=0 |title=Barbara Bel Geddes, Lauded Actress, Dies at 82 |work=New York Times |date=2005-08-11 |accessdate=}} 5. ^{{cite news |last=Ratliff |first=Ben |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/07/nyregion/barry-ulanov-82-a-scholar-of-jazz-art-and-catholicism.html |title=Barry Ulanov, 82, a Scholar Of Jazz, Art and Catholicism |work=New York Times |date=2000-05-07 |accessdate=}} 6. ^{{cite book|first=Bernhard Russell|last=Works|title= Norman Bel Geddes: Man of Ideas|location=Madison, WI|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|year=1966|isbn=|type=Thesis|oclc=3116381}} 7. ^{{cite book|first=Adrian|last=Tinniswood|authorlink=Adrian Tinniswood|title=The Art Deco House|location=New York|publisher=Watson-Guptill|year=2002|page=20|isbn=9780823003150}} 8. ^{{cite web|first=Ian|last=Stephens|date=March 29, 2009|title=Huge Aviation of the 1930s: The K-7 and The Bel Geddes #4|url=http://flyawaysimulation.com/article3322.html|work=Fly Away Simulation|accessdate=October 21, 2012}} 9. ^{{cite book|first=Jeffrey L.|last=Meikle|title=Twentieth Century Limited: Industrial Design in America, 1925–1939|location=Philadelphia|publisher=Temple University Press|year=2001|page=48|isbn=9781566398923|edition=2nd}} 10. ^{{cite journal|first=Norman|last=Bel Geddes|title=Streamlining|journal=Atlantic Monthly|date=November 1934|pages=553–558}} 11. ^{{cite journal|first=Norman|last=Bel Geddes|title=Ten Years From Now|journal=The Ladies' Home Journal|date=January 1931|page=190}} 12. ^{{cite book|first=Peter M.|last=Wolf|title=The Future of the City: New Directions in Urban Planning|location=New York|publisher=Watson-Guptill |year=1974|page=28|isbn=9780823071821}} 13. ^[https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7205622M/Magic_motorways Magic motorways] by Norman Bel Geddes, 1940, pp. 43-56. Quote: "But these cars of 1960 and the highways on which they drive will have in them devices which will correct the faults of human beings as drivers. They will prevent the driver from committing errors. They will make it possible for him to proceed at full speed through dense fog." 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theaterhalloffame.org/members.html#B|title=Theater Hall of Fame members}} 15. ^{{cite interview|last=Hopper|first=Grace Murray|authorlink=Grace Murray Hopper|interviewer=Uta C. Merzbach|title=Computer Oral History Collection, 1969-1973, 1977|url=http://invention.smithsonian.org/downloads/fa_cohc_tr_hopp690107.pdf|format=PDF|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=Archives Center, National Museum of American History|date=January 7, 1969|accessdate=October 21, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223191745/http://invention.smithsonian.org/downloads/fa_cohc_tr_hopp690107.pdf|archivedate=February 23, 2012|df=}} 16. ^{{Cite web| url = http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/collections/performingarts/holdings/topics/set/belgeddes/| title = Norman Bel Geddes Theater and Industrial Design Papers| website = www.hrc.utexas.edu| access-date = 2016-02-29}} External links{{commons category|Norman Bel Geddes}}
11 : Norman Bel Geddes|1893 births|1958 deaths|20th-century American artists|American industrial designers|People from Adrian, Michigan|People from New Philadelphia, Ohio|Artists from Michigan|Artists from Ohio|American Theater Hall of Fame inductees|1939 New York World's Fair artists |
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