| 词条 | Norman Douglas Holbrook |
| 释义 |
| name =Norman Douglas Holbrook | image =Norman Holbrook VC IWM Q 114630.jpg | caption = | birth_date =9 July 1888 | death_date =3 July 1976 (aged 87) | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial =St James Old Churchyard, Stedham, West Sussex | birth_place =Southsea, Hampshire, England | death_place =Midhurst, Sussex, England | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | allegiance ={{UK}} | branch ={{navy|United Kingdom}} | serviceyears = | rank =Commander | servicenumber = | unit = | commands ={{HMS|B11}} | battles =World War I World War II | awards =Victoria Cross Légion d'honneur (France) | relations = | laterwork = }} Commander Norman Douglas Holbrook VC (9 July 1888 – 3 July 1976) was a British naval recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award of the British honours system. Holbrook was the first submariner to be awarded the VC and it was the first naval VC gazetted in the First World War.[1] Early lifeHolbrook was born 9 July 1888 in Southsea, Hampshire. He was educated privately and at Portsmouth Grammar School. In 1903, he enrolled in the officer training establishment Britannia Royal Naval College and was appointed midshipman on 9 January 1905. He joined the submarine depot ship {{HMS|Bonaventure|1892|6}} on 4 April 1911, served in submarines {{HMS|F3}}, {{HMS|V4}} and {{HMS|E41}} before taking command of HMS B11 on 30 December 1913.[2] World War IHolbrook was 26 years old, a lieutenant in the Royal Navy during the First World War when on 13 December 1914 at the Dardanelles, Turkey, he performed a deed for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross. He was in command of the submarine {{HMS|B11}}, an old and obsolete craft built in 1905. Notwithstanding the difficulties of a treacherous current in the Dardanelles, he dived under five rows of mines and torpedoed and sank the {{ship|Ottoman ironclad|Mesûdiye||6}}, which was guarding the mine-field. In spite of being attacked by gunfire and torpedo boats, Holbrook succeeded in bringing the B11 back to the Mediterranean, When they got back to safety the B11 had been submerged for nine hours.[3] Holbrook later achieved the rank of Commander. Death and legacyHolbrook died on 3 July 1976 at Midhurst, Sussex. He was buried at St James Old Churchyard, Stedham, West Sussex. He is probably the only VC recipient to have a town and (until May 2004) a local government area named for him. On 24 August 1915, amid a wave of anti-German feeling related to the First World War, the name of the New South Wales Eastern Riverina town of Germanton was changed to Holbrook to honour the recent VC recipient. He subsequently visited the town on three occasions. His widow, Mrs. Gundula Holbrook, donated his medal to the Council of the Shire of Holbrook in 1982. In 1995 she made a substantial donation towards the establishment of a submariners' memorial in the town, and in 1997 visited the town to unveil it. A bronze statue of Holbrook stands in Germanton Park, Holbrook. Holbrook's medal was donated to the Council of the Shire of Holbrook, New South Wales in 1982. It subsequently passed to Greater Hume Shire Council upon the amalgamation of several Riverina shires in May 2004. Holbrook’s medal group, including his Victoria Cross, went on display at the Australian War Memorial on 11 December 2009. His medals are on loan from the Greater Hume Shire Council.[4][5] A replica may be seen at the Submarine Museum, Holbrook. Holbrook Road in Portsmouth is named after him. A plaque was erected by the Submariners Association in 2014 on the exterior wall of the Junior School facing Cambridge Junction, Portsmouth, UK[6]. References1. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=First Naval V.C. The Exploit Of Submarine B 11 |author= |section=News, from the London Gazette |day_of_week=Wednesday |date= 23 December 1914|page_number= 8|page_numbers= |issue=40733 |column=C}}(The first naval award for the First World War to Commander Henry Peel Ritchie RN in November 1914 was not gazetted until April 1915.) 2. ^John Winton. The Victoria Cross at sea, Michael Joseph, 1978, {{ISBN|0 7181 1701 8}}. 3. ^{{London Gazette|issue=29015|page=10920 |date=22 December 1914 }} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/media/releases/download.asp?Media_Release_ID=316|title=Media alert—Holbrook VC Unveiled|date=9 December 2009|format=pdf|publisher=Australian War Memorial}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/media/releases/download.asp?Media_Release_ID=317|title=Media release—Holbrook VC Unveiled|date=11 December 2009|format=pdf|publisher=Australian War Memorial}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.memorialsinportsmouth.co.uk/others/pgs/holbrook.htm|website=Memorials and Monuments in Portsmouth}}
External links
11 : 1888 births|1976 deaths|People from Southsea|British Gallipoli Campaign recipients of the Victoria Cross|Royal Navy officers|Royal Navy submarine commanders|Graduates of Britannia Royal Naval College|Royal Navy recipients of the Victoria Cross|Royal Navy officers of World War I|Royal Navy officers of World War II|Legion of Honour recipients |
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