| 词条 | Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable |name = The Lord Fowler |honorific-suffix = {{Postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|Kt|PC}} |image = Official portrait of Lord Fowler crop 2.jpg |caption = Norman Fowler in 2018 |office = Lord Speaker of the House of Lords |monarch = Elizabeth II |term_start = 1 September 2016 |term_end = |deputy = The Lord McFall of Alcluith |predecessor = The Baroness D'Souza |successor = |office3 = Shadow Home Secretary |leader3 = William Hague |term_start3 = 2 June 1998 |term_end3 = 14 June 1999 |predecessor3 = Brian Mawhinney |successor3 = Ann Widdecombe |office4 = Shadow Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions |leader4 = William Hague |term_start4 = 11 June 1997 |term_end4 = 1 June 1998 |predecessor4 = The Lord Young of Cookham |successor4 = Gillian Shephard |office5 = Chairman of the Conservative Party |leader5 = John Major |term_start5 = 11 May 1992 |term_end5 = 15 July 1994 |predecessor5 = Chris Patten |successor5 = Jeremy Hanley |office6 = Secretary of State for Employment |primeminister6 = Margaret Thatcher |term_start6 = 13 June 1987 |term_end6 = 3 January 1990 |predecessor6 = David Young |successor6 = Michael Howard |office7 = Secretary of State for Health and Social Services |primeminister7 = Margaret Thatcher |term_start7 = 14 September 1981 |term_end7 = 13 June 1987 |predecessor7 = Patrick Jenkin |successor7 = John Moore |office8 = Secretary of State for Transport {{small|Minister of State for Transport (1979–1981)}} |primeminister8 = Margaret Thatcher |term_start8 = 4 May 1979 |term_end8 = 14 September 1981 |predecessor8 = Bill Rodgers |successor8 = David Howell |office9 = Opposition Chief Spokesman on Transport |leader9 = Margaret Thatcher |term_start9 = 15 January 1976 |term_end9 = 4 May 1979 |successor9 = Bill Rodgers{{ref label|Transport|nb}} |office10 = Shadow Secretary of State for Health and Social Services |leader10 = Margaret Thatcher |term_start10 = 18 February 1975 |term_end10 = 15 January 1976 |predecessor10 = |successor10 = Patrick Jenkin{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Parliamentary Representation {{nowrap|}}|titlestyle=border-top:solid 1pt #eee}} |office11 = Member of the House of Lords {{small|Lord Temporal}} |term_start11 = 6 July 2001 Life peerage |office12 = Member of Parliament for Sutton Coldfield |term_start12 = 28 February 1974 |term_end12 = 7 June 2001 |predecessor12 = Geoffrey Lloyd |successor12 = Andrew Mitchell |office13 = Member of Parliament for Nottingham South |term_start13 = 18 June 1970 |term_end13 = 28 February 1974 |predecessor13 = George Perry |successor13 = Constituency abolished{{Collapsed infobox section end}} |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1938|2|2|df=y}} |birth_place = Chelmsford, England |death_date = |death_place = |party = Speaker |otherparty = Conservative (until 2016) |alma_mater = Trinity Hall, Cambridge |footnotes = n.b. {{note|Transport||As Shadow Minister for Transport.}} }} Peter Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler, {{Postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|Kt|PC|commas=on}} (born 2 February 1938) is a British politician who was a member of Margaret Thatcher's ministry. He became Lord Speaker in September 2016. After serving as Shadow Minister of Transport, he was appointed Minister of Transport in 1979, being responsible for making seat belts compulsory. Later, as Secretary of State for Health and Social Services, he drew public attention to the dangers of AIDS. He resigned from the cabinet as Employment Secretary, and was knighted in 1990. He was Chairman of the Conservative Party from 1992 to 1994, Shadow Secretary of State for Environment, Transport and the Regions in 1997–98 and Shadow Home Secretary in 1998–99. In 2001, he was made a Conservative life peer. He renounced party allegiance upon becoming Lord Speaker. Early lifeThe son of N. F. and Katherine Fowler, he was educated at King Edward VI Grammar School in Chelmsford, in the county of Essex;[1] after which he did National Service as a second lieutenant in the Essex Regiment. Whilst studying at Trinity Hall, Cambridge (BA Economics & Law 1961), he was Chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association in Michaelmas 1960, in which term he entertained both the Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and Home Secretary (and de facto Deputy Prime Minister, although he did not hold the title until 1962) Rab Butler. He then became a journalist, and worked on The Times. Member of ParliamentFowler was elected for Nottingham South in 1970; after the seat was abolished, he switched to Sutton Coldfield at the February 1974 election. In oppositionDuring the mid-1970s Fowler was shadow Minister of Transport. In April 1976 he was photographed outside the Palace of Westminster having just taken delivery of his third four-cylinder MG MGB GT – he had reportedly rejected the idea of buying a V8 version on account of the cost.[2] In governmentUpon Margaret Thatcher becoming Prime Minister in 1979, she did not immediately appoint Fowler to her Cabinet, explaining: "we were short of one place. As a result, Norman Fowler, as Minister of State at Transport, was not able to be an official member of the Cabinet, although he attended all our meetings." [3] As Secretary of State for Transport, Fowler drove through Lord Nugent's 1981 bill to make seat belts compulsory, a law that came into force in 1983.[4][5] As Secretary of State for Health and Social Security in 1986, Fowler implemented the first official drive to educate the British public to the dangers of AIDS. Edwina Currie (Health) and John Major (Social Security) both served under him as junior ministers. Backbenches, retirement and Shadow CabinetFowler later resigned from the cabinet as Employment Secretary in January 1990, becoming the first politician to cite "to spend more time with my [his] family" as his reasoning.[6] Following his resignation from the frontbench, Fowler was knighted in 1990.[7] Having spent more time with his family, Fowler then returned twice to front line politics, first as Chairman of the Conservative Party (as a backbencher in Parliament) from 1992-4, during which time he oversaw the Boundary Changes in the early 1990s; then on the Conservative front bench as Shadow Secretary of State for Environment, Transport and the Regions, 1997-8 and finally, as Shadow Home Secretary, 1998-9. In 2001, he stepped down as a Member of Parliament. House of LordsAfter standing down from the House of Commons, he was made a Conservative Lord Temporal as Baron Fowler, of Sutton Coldfield in the County of West Midlands.[8] In 2003, he proposed that the European Union should appoint a high-level coordinator with ambassadorial rank to deal with the AIDS epidemic.[9] In 2006, he chaired a House of Lords select committee which criticised the use of the television licence fee, which is used to fund the BBC, as a tax. His book, A Political Suicide (Politico's Publishing {{ISBN|978-1-84275-227-2}}), was published in 2008 and it was shortlisted for the Channel 4 Political Book of the Year Award. In May 2013, Fowler gave his support to legislation aiming to extend marriage rights to same-sex couples, stating: "Parliament should value people equally in the law, and that enabling same-sex couples to marry removes the current inequity.".[10] In 2016, he was elected as Lord Speaker.[11] He is the third person and first man to hold the office since it was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. He has stated that he favours reducing the House of Lords to 600 members.[12] Work in industryHe has been deeply involved in industry, having been on the board of directors of several companies. He is non-executive chairman of Aggregate Industries plc.[13] He is a member of the National Union of Journalists.[14] Styles of address
References1. ^Dod's Parliamentary Companion 2005, 173rd edition, London, 2004, p.581. 2. ^{{cite magazine| authorlink = Ray Hutton (Ed)|title = News: An MG for Shadow Minister|magazine=Autocar | volume = 144 (nbr 4146)|page=27|date = 24 April 1976 }} 3. ^Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years (HarperCollins, 1993), p. 29. 4. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-13461459 |title=Seat belt law introduction recalled by Lord Fowler |publisher=BBC News |date=2011-05-21 |accessdate=2011-07-01}} 5. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.rospa.com/about/history/seatbelt-history.aspx |title=RoSPA History - How Belting Up Became Law |publisher=Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents |accessdate=2011-07-01}} 6. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/jul/05/familyandrelationships |title=Family first |publisher=Guardian Unlimited |author=Norman Fowler |date=2008-07-05 |accessdate=2008-09-29}} 7. ^{{London Gazette |issue=52026 |page=973 |date=23 January 1990}} 8. ^{{London Gazette |issue=56266 |page=1 |date=6 July 2001}} 9. ^{{cite web| url=http://politics.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,9174,899971,00.html |title=Europe should appoint Aids envoy, peer says |publisher=Guardian Unlimited |author=Michael White |date=2003-02-21 |accessdate=2008-04-13}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/05/10/conservative-lord-fowler-if-parliament-values-people-equally-it-must-make-same-sex-marriage-legal/|title=Conservative Lord Fowler: If Parliament values people equally, it must make same-sex marriage legal|access-date=2016-09-07}} 11. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.parliament.uk/business/news/2016/june/lord-speaker-election-result/|title=Lord Fowler elected as new Lord Speaker|publisher=UK Parliament|date=13 June 2016}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/house-of-lords-size-should-be-cut-by-200-peers-lords-speaker-says-a7228071.html|title=House of Lords size should be cut by 200 peers, Lords Speaker says|date=2016-09-06|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-09-07}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.aggregate.com/about-us/the-board/lord-fowler/|title=The board at Aggregate Industries|website=www.aggregate.com|access-date=2016-09-07}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.londonfreelance.org/fl/0005foi.html?i=flolder&d=2000_05|title=Freelance May00: Freedom of Information: your task|website=www.londonfreelance.org|access-date=2016-09-07}} External links
for Nottingham South|years=1970–1974}}{{s-non|reason=Constituency abolished}} |-{{s-bef|before=Geoffrey Lloyd}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for Sutton Coldfield|years=1974–2001}}{{s-aft|after=Andrew Mitchell}} |-{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Bill Rodgers|as=Secretary of State for Transport}}{{s-ttl|title=Minister of State for Transport|years=1979–1981}}{{s-aft|after=Himself|as=Secretary of State for Transport}} |-{{s-bef|before=Himself|as=Minister of State for Transport}}{{s-ttl|title=Secretary of State for Transport|years=1981}}{{s-aft|after=David Howell}} |-{{s-bef|before=Patrick Jenkin}}{{s-ttl|title=Secretary of State for Health and Social Services|years=1981–1987}}{{s-aft|after=John Moore}} |-{{s-bef|rows=2|before=The Lord Young of Graffham}}{{s-ttl|title=Secretary of State for Employment|years=1987–1990}}{{s-aft|after=Michael Howard}} |-{{s-ttl|title=Minister without Portfolio{{cn|date=September 2015}}|years=1992–1994}}{{s-aft|after=Jeremy Hanley}} |-{{s-bef|before=John Gummer|as=Shadow Secretary of State for Environment}}{{s-ttl|rows=2|title=Shadow Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions|years=1997–1998}}{{s-aft|rows=2|after=Gillian Shephard}} |-{{s-bef|before=George Young|as=Shadow Secretary of State for Transport}} |-{{s-bef|before=Brian Mawhinney}}{{s-ttl|title=Shadow Home Secretary|years=1998–1999}}{{s-aft|after=Ann Widdecombe}} |-{{s-bef|before=The Baroness D'Souza}}{{s-ttl|title=Lord Speaker|years=2016–present}}{{s-inc}} |-{{s-ppo}}{{s-bef|before=Chris Patten}}{{s-ttl|title=Chairman of the Conservative Party|years=1992–1994}}{{s-aft|after=Jeremy Hanley}} |-{{s-prec|ew}}{{s-bef|before=John Bercow|as=Speaker of the House of Commons}}{{s-ttl|title=Gentlemen {{small|as Lord Speaker}}|years=}}{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|The Lord Burnett of Maldon}}|as=Lord Chief Justice}}{{s-end}}{{Lord Speaker}}{{Officers of the Lords and Commons}}{{Lord Speaker election, 2016}}{{Secretary of State for Health}}{{Secretary of State for Work and Pensions}}{{Shadow Home Secretaries}}{{Thatcher Ministry}}{{Major Ministry}}{{2011 News Corporation scandal}}{{UK Order of Precedence (Gentlemen)}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fowler, Norman}} 24 : 1938 births|Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge|British Secretaries of State for Employment|Chairmen of the Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party (UK) life peers|Lords Speaker|Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Essex Regiment officers|Living people|People educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Chelmsford|People from Chelmsford|Members of the Bow Group|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Secretaries of State for Transport (UK)|UK MPs 1970–74|UK MPs 1974|UK MPs 1974–79|UK MPs 1979–83|UK MPs 1983–87|UK MPs 1987–92|UK MPs 1992–97|UK MPs 1997–2001|Knights Bachelor|Secretaries of State for Health and Social Services |
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