| 词条 | 1971 San Francisco Bay oil spill |
| 释义 |
The 1971 San Francisco Bay oil spill occurred when two Standard Oil Company of California tankers, the Arizona Standard and the Oregon Standard, collided on January 19, 1971, in the San Francisco Bay. The resulting 800,000 gallon spill, the largest in Bay Area history, threatened sensitive natural habitats both inside and outside the bay, including the Bolinas Lagoon, and contributed to the growth of activism against pollution, after thousands of bay area residents volunteered to clean up beaches and rescue oil soaked birds. A number of environmental organizations had their origins in the spill cleanup. Standard Oil spent more than $1 million in the clean-up.[1][2][3][4] Inception of International Bird Rescue and volunteerismThe resulting environmental destruction from the spill, specifically the avian population, prompted volunteers to rescue some 4,300 birds. At this time, knowledge on how to care for birds in such health was low. As a result, and despite efforts, only 300 or so animals were ever deemed fit to be released. The remnants of this volunteer force eventually resulted in the creation of the International Bird Rescue in an endeavor to increase knowledge and research in bird rescue.[3] One of the largest volunteer turnouts since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake came of this event.[4] See also{{portal|San Francisco Bay Area|Environment}}
References1. ^{{cite news |title=Tanker Collision Dumps a Huge Oil Spill in San Francisco Bay |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/01/19/archives/tanker-collision-dumps-a-huge-oil-spill-in-san-francisco-bay.html |newspaper=The New York Times |publisher=The New York Times Archives |date=19 January 1971 |accessdate=6 September 2018}} 2. ^{{cite news |title=After 30 years, tankers safer but spills still a threat |url=http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2001-01-19/article/3054?headline=After-30-years-tankers-safer-but-spills-still-a-threat |work=The Associated Press |date=19 January 2001 |accessdate=26 March 2012}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://blog.bird-rescue.org/index.php/2011/01/remembering-1971-san-francisco-bay-oil-spill/ |title=International Bird Rescue – Every Bird Matters» Blog Archive » Remembering the 1971 San Francisco Bay oil spill |author=Jay Holcomb |date=18 January 2011 |accessdate=26 March 2012}} 4. ^1 {{cite news |title=Marin's biggest oil-dumping nightmare came in 1971 |author=Nels Johnson |url=http://www.marinij.com/ci_7413576 |newspaper=Marin Independent Journal |publisher=MediaNews Group, Bay Area News Group |date=9 November 2007 |accessdate=26 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502214211/http://www.marinij.com/ci_7413576 |archive-date=2014-05-02 |dead-url=yes |df= }} External links
11 : Oil spills in the United States|1971 in California|Environment of the San Francisco Bay Area|Disasters in California|Petroleum in California|Standard Oil|1971 industrial disasters|1971 in the environment|1971 disasters in the United States|Environmental issues in California|History of the San Francisco Bay Area |
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