| 词条 | Norman Steenrod |
| 释义 |
| image = Norman Steenrod.jpg | image_size = 180 | name = Norman Steenrod | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1910|4|22}} | birth_place = Dayton, Ohio | death_date = {{death date and age|1971|10|14|1910|4|22|df=y}} | death_place = Princeton, New Jersey | nationality = American | field = Mathematics | alma_mater = University of Michigan Harvard University Princeton University | doctoral_advisor = Solomon Lefschetz | doctoral_students = José Ádem Peter Freyd Samuel Gitler Wu-Chung Hsiang Jerome Levine William Massey Paul A. Schweitzer Edwin Spanier George Whitehead | work_institution=University of Chicago University of Michigan Princeton University | known_for = Eilenberg–Steenrod axioms | prizes = }}Norman Earl Steenrod (April 22, 1910{{spaced ndash}}October 14, 1971) was a mathematician most widely known for his contributions to the field of algebraic topology.[1] LifeHe was born in Dayton, Ohio, and educated at Miami University and University of Michigan (A.B. 1932). After receiving a master's degree from Harvard University in 1934, he enrolled at Princeton University. He completed his Ph.D. under the direction of Solomon Lefschetz, with a thesis titled Universal homology groups. He held positions at the University of Chicago from 1939 to 1942, and the University of Michigan from 1942 to 1947. He moved to Princeton University in 1947, and remained on the Faculty there for the rest of his career. He died in Princeton. WorkThanks to Lefschetz and others, the cup product structure of cohomology was understood by the early 1940s. Steenrod was able to define operations from one cohomology group to another (the so-called Steenrod squares) that generalized the cup product. The additional structure made cohomology a finer invariant. The Steenrod cohomology operations form a (non-commutative) algebra under composition, known as the Steenrod algebra. His book The Topology of Fibre Bundles[2] is a standard reference. In collaboration with Samuel Eilenberg, he was a founder of the axiomatic approach to homology theory. See Eilenberg–Steenrod axioms. See also
Publications
References1. ^Steenrod, Norman, et al. First Concepts of Topology. The Mathematical Association of America New Mathematical Library. Miami: 1966. 2. ^{{cite journal|author=Milnor, John|authorlink=John Milnor|title=Review: Norman Steenrod, The topology of fibre bundles|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1958|volume=64|issue=4|pages=202–203|url=http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.bams/1183522568|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1958-10211-6}} 3. ^{{cite journal|author=Szczarba, R. H.|title=Review: Cohomology operations. Lectures by N. E. Steenrod. Written and revised by D. B. A. Epstein|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1964|volume=70|issue=4|pages=482–483|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1964-70-04/S0002-9904-1964-11157-5/|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1964-11157-5}} External links
12 : 1910 births|1971 deaths|20th-century American mathematicians|Harvard University alumni|People from Dayton, Ohio|Princeton University alumni|Princeton University faculty|Topologists|University of Chicago faculty|University of Michigan faculty|University of Michigan alumni|Guggenheim Fellows |
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