1. Casting and creation

2. Role

3. Other appearances

4. Cultural references

5. Lawsuit

6. References
    Bibliography 

7. External links

Norm appeared in all 275 episodes of Cheers between 1982–1993 and was initially the only customer featured in the main cast, later joined by Cliff Clavin, Frasier Crane, and Lilith Sternin. Along with Sam Malone and Carla Tortelli, Norm is one of only three characters to appear in every episode of Cheers. He also made one guest appearance each in the three other sitcoms set in the Cheers universe: the Frasier episode "Cheerful Goodbyes," the Wings episode "The Story of Joe" and the spin-off The Tortellis.

Casting and creation

In the original script of the 1982 pilot, "Give Me a Ring Sometime," there was no Norm Peterson (contrary to beliefs that Norm is one of the original characters). George Wendt and John Ratzenberger auditioned for the same role, originally named George, and Wendt was hired for that role.^[3][4] George was Diane Chambers's first customer, appeared at the end of this episode, could not bear her long explanation of becoming a waitress, and had only one line consisting of one word: "Beer!"^[3] The writers expanded Wendt's role, and the character evolved into Norm Peterson, the first onscreen customer to enter the bar and who "[badgered] Diane rather than the other way around."^[5] Show co-creator Les Charles stated that the character was based on a frequent customer he met in a bar when Charles was its bartender during college.^[6][7]

Meanwhile, Ratzenberger suggested to the producers that a know-it-all character should be added, resulting in Cliff Clavin.^[4]

Role

Norm's entrance into the bar is a running gag on Cheers, typically beginning with a greeting by Norm. This is followed by the bar crowd yelling his name (except Diane Chambers, who would follow with a more refined "Norman"). Norm is also greeted by everyone at Gary's Olde Towne Tavern, Cheers' rival bar, with the customary "Norm!" shout in "Bar Wars VI" (season 10, episode 23). When Sam asks why the people at Gary's know him by name, Norm replies that he goes there on Christmas when Cheers is closed. A recurring gag in the series is, following a commercial, for the bartender to ask Norm if he wants another beer; Norm replies "one quick one," after which he inevitably stays a lot longer. "Norm" is actually the first word of Frederick Crane, son of Frasier Crane and Lilith Sternin. (However, Lilith joyously believes that he said "Mommy!")

Prior to the show, Norm was born in Chicago, and moved to Boston to become an accountant,^[9] and is a lifelong Boston Celtics fan who went to Boston Garden as a child.^[10] Norm previously served in the United States Coast Guard (Army? Made reference to being in the motor pool.) He loses his job in an accounting firm by defending Diane from his boss,^[11] and after struggling for few years as an independent accountant, eventually becomes a housepainter. Norm was also revealed to be an accomplished interior decorator and beer taster, capable of spotting a bad vat in a factory by drinking a single bottle.

Even when unemployed, Norm is the bar's best customer. A running gag throughout the series are the numerous jokes made about the enormous size of Norm's tab at Cheers (e.g., several large binders are shown as being just a portion of it – in the episode "Home Malone" (season 9, episode 25), when Woody's rich, naïve girlfriend Kelly waitresses at Cheers to gain "real-life experience," Norm convinces her that the tab is a record of the beers for which he has already paid, and for each new beer a mark should be erased. In the finale Sam has to have his total tab for the series calculated by NASA). The only time he was seen to pay any of his tab off was when new manager Rebecca Howe temporarily cut him off after discovering he owed the bar almost $850 but agreed to waive the amount in return for him painting her office and apartment, which in turn led to him setting up as a housepainter. In the few instances when Norm drinks at another bar, he is immediately kicked out because the bartenders demand an immediate cash payment instead of a tab. Nevertheless, Norm annually received a complimentary beer on his birthday.

Norm's best friend is postman and fellow barfly Cliff Clavin.

Norm has a wife named Vera who is often mentioned but her face is never seen. When she is finally shown, her face is covered in pie thrown by Diane (season 5, episode 9 "Thanksgiving Orphans,") and the actress is uncredited. The only other times she is seen, viewers can see only her legs and at one time her waving from a car which drives past Cheers on her 15th wedding anniversary. Vera is the butt of many of Norm's jokes, but on many occasions, Norm has professed secretly an undying love for his wife or defended her honor. He also refused to cheat on her in the episode "Norm's Big Audit" where a female IRS agent was prepared to overlook his tax evasion if he did. He explained in this instance that he felt he was a bad husband but would not cheat on his wife as it would make him a bad person. Norm and Vera separated during the second season of Cheers but reconciled in the last episode of the season, contrasting the romance between Sam and Diane, who enjoyed a romance then bitterly broke up in that last episode. When Vera got a job at Melville's, however, he was deeply disturbed by her proximity to him during his bar time. Vera was played by George Wendt's real-life wife, Bernadette Birkett.

In the Cheers episode "It's a Wonderful Wife" (season 9, episode 20) Vera tells Rebecca off-camera that Norm's real first name is Hilary. He explains that he was named after his grandfather who "once killed a man for laughing at him." Cliff asks if his grandfather really killed a man for laughing at his first name and Norm replies, "Not exactly. He was a surgeon and he sort of botched an operation."

When not sipping beer at Cheers, Norm satisfies his hunger at an eatery called The Hungry Heifer, whose emblem is a young cow smacking her chops. The customers there greet him just the same as the Cheers patrons do. He knows the waitresses by name, and usually orders a meal called a Feeding Frenzy, a monstrous supply of corn and beef. He denigrated the eatery when he first visited it in season 2, but when the place was being shut down in season 9, he insinuated it was an important place to him throughout his life and said he knew the owner since at latest his college years. Corrine (played by Doris Grau), who worked at Cheers occasionally as a temp waitress, was a server at The Hungry Heifer and said the waitstaff knew Norm as "the guy who comes back."

On a lark in college, he became an ordained minister of the Church of the Living Desert after seeing an advertisement in the back of a magazine.^[12]

In season 7, Sam takes a temporary bartending job in Cancún, Mexico. One of his patrons, Pepe, greatly resembles Norm in appearance and mannerisms.^[13]

Other appearances

George Wendt guest starred as Norm Peterson on St. Elsewhere, Cheers’ first spinoff The Tortellis, Wings, and The Simpsons episode "Fear of Flying", which also guest starred Ted Danson, Rhea Perlman, Woody Harrelson, and John Ratzenberger as their respective characters. Years after Cheers ended, Wendt played Norm in a 2002 episode of its spinoff Frasier, where he got along famously with Martin Crane. (Martin: "Wow, that's some mug callus you've got there." Norm: "Judging from your grip, I'd say you were a can man.")^[14] Also, in the first part of a two-part episode on Frasier entitled "Three Dates and a Breakup," Frasier calls Norm to brag that he has three dates for the weekend. Frasier specifically says "Norm Peterson," though Norm is not actually seen or heard. Norm was most recently seen in animated form, voiced by Wendt, on Family Guy in the episodes "Road to Rupert" and "Three Kings".

Cultural references

• In The Simpsons episode "Flaming Moe's", Barney Gumble walks into the newly successful and popular Moe's Tavern to be greeted with the friendly cry of "Barney!" which satirizes Norm's entrance^[15]{{sfn|Richmond & Coffman|1997 |pp=72–73}} When a bartender similar to Woody Boyd asks him how he is doing, Barney burps in response.
• In the How I Met Your Mother episode "Swarley," Barney Stinson walks into Maclaren's Pub to the greeting of "Swarley!" with the bartender Carl then playing the Cheers theme song. This was to make fun of Barney's new nickname, and to reference Norm's entrance to Cheers.
• An oblique homage of Norm appears in the series Deep Space Nine in the form of the character named Morn, a corpulent and rather silent alien that has an outstanding tab in Quark's bar.^[16][17]

Lawsuit

In 1993, George Wendt and John Ratzenberger filed a lawsuit against Host International, Inc., on account of infringing copyrights and trademarks and of violating actors' personality rights. In this court case, the company produced two robotic toys (one a "heavyset" and other a postal worker) that the actors claimed resemble Norm Peterson and Cliff Clavin. The case was twice rejected by a federal judge in California. In one hearing, the judge ruled that the defendant did not violate copyrights because Paramount Pictures already granted it license to produce Cheers based themes and decors for mostly airport bars. In another, the judge ruled that these toys do not resemble these characters.^[18]

In 1997 the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals twice reinstated the case, titled Wendt v. Host International, Inc.^[19] In one hearing, it ruled that the federal copyright law does not trump the California Celebrities Rights Act. In another, the 9th Circuit ordered a jury trial on the basis of publicity rights.^[18] The case resulted in an undisclosed settlement in 2001 to the actors.^[20]

References

Bibliography

• {{cite book |last=Groening |first=Matt |authorlink=Matt Groening |editor1-first=Ray |editor1-last=Richmond |editor1-link=Ray Richmond |editor2-first=Antonia |editor2-last=Coffman |title=The Simpsons: A Complete Guide to Our Favorite Family |edition=1st |year=1997 |location=New York |publisher=HarperPerennial |lccn=98141857 |ol=433519M |oclc=37796735 |isbn=978-0-06-095252-5 |ref={{harvid|Richmond & Coffman|1997}}}}
• Wendt, George. Drinking with George. New York: Simon Spotlight Entertainment, 2009. Print. {{ISBN|978-1-4391-4958-4}}.

External links

• {{wikiquote-inline|Norm Peterson}}

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