“Northallerton”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Northallerton ({{IPAc-en|n|ɔr|ˈ|θ|æ|l|ər|t|ən}} {{respell|nor|THAL|ər|tən}}) is a market town and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies in the Vale of Mowbray and at the northern end of the Vale of York. It had a population of 15,741 according to the 2001 census,^[2] which had risen to 16,832 in 2011.^[1] It has served as the county town of the North Riding of Yorkshire and since 1974, of North Yorkshire.^[2] Northallerton is made up of four wards, North, Broomfield, Romanby and Central.

There has been a settlement at Northallerton since Roman times, however its growth in importance began in the 11th century when King William II gifted land to the Bishop of Durham. Under the Bishop's authority Northallerton became an important centre for religious affairs. It was also a focus for much conflict in subsequent years between the English and the Scots, most notably the Battle of the Standard, nearby in 1138, which saw losses of as many as 12,000 men.^[3]

In later years trade and transport became more important. The surrounding area was discovered to have large phosphorus reserves which brought industry to Northallerton due to the easy trade routes. Lying on the main route between Edinburgh and London it became an important stopping point for coaches travelling the route, eventually superseded by the growth of the railways in the 19th century. Lying in the centre of a large rural area Northallerton was established as a market town in 1200 by Royal Charter, and there is still a market in the town today.^[4]

It continues to be a major retail centre for the local area. As the administrative centre for Hambleton district and the county of North Yorkshire, the councils, and several other associated public sector organisations have their headquarters in the town.

History

Origins and early history

Due to the proximity of the Roman road, entrenchments and relics it seems that the earliest settlement at Northallerton was some form of Roman military station. There is evidence that the Romans had a signal station on Castle Hills just to the west of the town as part of the imperial Roman postal system and a path connecting Hadrian's Wall with Eboracum (York) ran through what is now the neighbouring village of Brompton.^[5]^[6]

The first church was set up by St Paulinus of York on the site of the present All Saints Parish Church sometime in the early 7th century.^[5] It was made from wood and nothing survives of it. In 855 a stone church was built on the same site, fragments of stone have been found during restoration work which provide strong evidence of this Saxon church.^[5]

It was then believed that a Saxon town known as Alvertune developed. In Pierre de Langtoft's history of King Alfred he writes that in 865 it was the site of a number of battles between King Elfrid and his brother Alfred and five Danish kings and a similar number of earls.^[6] Later, in the 10th century, Danes settled at Romanby and Brompton. A fine example of English stonecarving from the period, the Brompton Hogbacks, can be found in Brompton Parish Church.

In the Domesday Survey, Norman scribes named the settlement Alvertune, Aluertune and Alretone and there is a reference to the Alvertune wapentac, an area almost identical to the Allertonshire wapentake of the North Riding, which was named after the town.^[7]

The origin of the town's name is uncertain, though it is believed that the name derives from a derivation of the name Aelfere, Aelfereton translates as the farm belonging to Aelfere^[5]^[14] or even of King Alfred.^[6] Alternatively it may be referring to the Alder trees which grew nearby.^[8] The prefix of North was added in the 12th century to differentiate from the parish of Allerton Mauleverer, {{convert|25|mi|km|abbr=off}} to the south.^[8]

Its position on a major route way brought death and destruction to the town on many occasions. In 1069, in an attempt to quell rebellion in the north, the area between the Ouse and the Tyne was laid to waste by the armies of William the Conqueror. The town of Northallerton was almost totally destroyed or depopulated. Just a few years later it is described in the Domesday Book as modo est in manu regis et wastum est (put down as waste).^[9] In 1318, the town was destroyed again by the Scots, under Sir James Douglas following the Capture of Berwick upon Tweed.

Battle of the Standard

On 22 August 1138,^[19] English forces repelled a Scottish army on Cowton Moor in Brompton parish, around {{convert|2|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} north of the town.^[19] This was the first major battle between the Scots and the English since the Norman conquest and one of the two major battles in the civil war between King Stephen and Empress Matilda.^[10] The English forces were summoned by Archbishop Thurstan of York, who had gathered local militia and baronial armies from Yorkshire and the North Midlands.^[11] They arrayed themselves round a chariot with a ship's mast carrying the consecrated banners of St Peter of York, St John of Beverley, St Wilfrid of Ripon and St Cuthbert of Durham, it was this standard-bearing chariot that gave the battle its name.^[12] The Scottish army was led by King David I of Scotland.

King David had entered England in support of his niece, Empress Matilda, who was viewed as the rightful heiress to the English throne usurped by King Stephen. With Stephen fighting rebel barons in the south, the Scottish armies had already taken Cumberland and Northumberland, the city of Carlisle and the royal castle at Bamburgh. Finding the English in a defensive position on a hill, David elected to force a battle counting on his superior numbers, 16,000 Scots against 10,000 Englishmen.^[10] Repeated attacks by native Scots failed against the onslaught from the English archers, with losses of up to 12,000 Scots.^[3] A subsequent attack by mounted knights met initial success but fell back due to lack of infantry support.^[10] The battle ended when David's reserve deserted, forcing him to retreat. The English elected not to pursue, and despite their great losses the Scots were able to regroup in sufficient number to besiege and capture Wark Castle.

Religious importance

Shortly after his accession William Rufus gave the town, with the lands adjacent, to the see of Durham, and, under the patronage of the bishops of that diocese, it grew in importance, and became an episcopal residence.^[13] In 1130 a castle was built on the west side of the town adjacent to North Beck^[29] by Bishop Rufus and was expanded in 1142 after William Cumin seized the Bishopric of Durham in 1141.^[30] The castle was further expanded in 1173 by Hugh Pudsey and garrisoned by a group of Flemish soldiers, an act which enraged King Henry II who ordered that it be razed to the ground in 1177.^[14] A more substantial fortified palace surrounded by a moat was built on the same site in 1199 replacing the traditional motte-and-bailey castle. The palace became an important administrative centre for the bishops' lands in Yorkshire and served as a major residence for the bishops and their staff.^[30] The palace lay on the main road from York to Durham and was a regular stopping place for royalty and other dignitaries. The palace fell into ruin by 1658 and the site is now a cemetery.^[15]

A Carmelite priory was founded in 1354,^[16] but was demolished soon after the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538.^[16] The site passed to various people and was used for arable farming before a workhouse was built on the site in 1857,^[16] subsequently the Friarage Hospital which takes its name from the friary was built.^[37] Following development of the site in 2006, archaeologists uncovered the remains of eight monks along with other artefacts.^[17]

A centre for trade and transport

It became the market centre for the area and also drew traders from further afield to its four annual fairs (now reduced to two). Cattle drovers bringing cattle, horses and sheep from Northumbria and Scotland regularly came to the town. The original cattle market was by the church, but sheep were sold on High Street until the early part of the 20th century. With the arrival of the railway the mart was built close to the station, but this later closed and today the cattle market is held in Applegarth Court.

In the golden age of coaching, Northallerton had four coaching inns along High Street serving passengers and horses using several routes to the north. With the arrival of the railway in 1841 the town maintained its importance as a communications centre.

The line from London to Edinburgh via York and Newcastle passed through the town (as indeed it still does), as did the line linking the industrial West Riding with the port and steel town of Middlesbrough. It is now served by Northallerton railway station.

Ripon Railway

The line from Northallerton railway station along Ripon Line was closed to passengers on 6 March 1967 and to goods on 5 September 1969 as part of the wider Beeching Axe, despite a vigorous campaign by local campaigners, including the (nearby city of Ripon) city's MP.^[18] Today much of the route of the line through the city (Ripon) is now a relief road and although the former station still stands, it is now surrounded by a new housing development. The issue remains a significant one in local politics and there are movements wanting to restore the line.^[18] Reports suggest the reopening of a line between Ripon and Harrogate railway station would be economically viable, costing £40 million and could initially attract 1,200 passengers a day, rising to 2,700.^[18]^[19]^[20] Campaigners call on MPs to restore Ripon railway link.^[21]

Legal history

A house of correction opened in 1783 on East Road - it became HM Prison Northallerton, which served (at different times) as an adult prison, a Young Offender Institution, and a military prison. The prison closed 2013.^[22]

The Quarter Sessions for the area were held in the town from the 17th century in various buildings including the Tollbooth, the Guild Hall and Vine House, but eventually a courthouse was built in East Road in 1875 as part of the prison complex. This later moved to the town's Racecourse Lane, and remains the area's magistrates' court.

When the Poor Law union system was introduced, a workhouse was established in the town to serve the three parishes in the area. This building is now part of the Friarage Hospital. When in 1856 the North Riding Constabulary was founded, one of the last county forces to be formed, Northallerton was selected as its headquarters, operating initially from premises in East Road.

The earliest records pertaining to Northallerton School (formerly Northallerton Grammar School) date from 1323. Parts of the old school building can be seen adjacent to All Saints' Church near the north end of High Street. A famous old boy of the school was John Radcliffe (1652–1714), founder of Oxford's John Radcliffe Hospital and physician to William of Orange.

The Thirsk Road drill hall was opened in 1911, just before the First World War.^[23]

Present day

Today Northallerton's main commercial function is a mixture of light industry, commerce and agricultural services, such as the regular livestock auction market and the production of high-grade manure.

The headquarters of North Yorkshire County Council (County Hall) and Hambleton District Council (the Civic Centre) are both located in Northallerton; these serve many parishes in the area. The RPA (Rural Payments Agency) was based here until 2014. The town also houses the headquarters of North Yorkshire Police (Alverton Court) and North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service. The nearby base at RAF Leeming is a major source of employment and income in the area. Northallerton Prison, which used to house young offenders and adults from the North Yorkshire area, closed in 2014 and is now partially demolished.^[24] It once had the world's largest treadmill.^[25]

Governance

Parish

The ancient parish of Northallerton covered a wide area. It included the townships and chapelries of Romanby, Brompton and Deighton, and the detached part of High Worsall on the River Tees. All of these places became separate civil parishes in the 19th century.^[26]

The parish council of Northallerton has exercised its right to be known as the town council. There are 12 town councillors, elected in four wards.^[27]

Local government

In 1889 the County of York, North Riding administrative county was formed. In 1894 it was divided into municipal boroughs, urban districts and rural districts. Following a review of local government in 1974, the North Riding was abolished as an administrative county. The district council of Hambleton was then formed from the merger of the Northallerton Urban District with Bedale Rural District, Easingwold Rural District, Northallerton Rural District, Thirsk Rural District and Croft Rural District.^[28] This became part of the non-metropolitan county of North Yorkshire.^[29]

The town has been twinned with Ormesson-sur-Marne, a suburb of Paris, France since 1994.^[31]

Parliamentary representation

Northallerton was formerly a parliamentary borough. Its first representatives were John le Clerk and Stephen Maunsell, who were elected to the parliament of King Edward I in 1298, but for some reason or other no subsequent return was made until 1640, when the privilege was again resumed by order of the House of Commons.^[14] From 1640 to 1885 The town formed the parliamentary borough of Northallerton, returning two Members of Parliament until 1832, and one thereafter. Following the Great Reform Act of 1832, boundaries were extended to include neighbouring Brompton and Romanby and its representation was reduced to a single member.^[32] In 1885 the constituency was abolished and was absorbed into the Richmond division of the North Riding.^[26]^[33] The serving member for Richmond constituency is the Conservative, Rishi Sunak, who has held the seat since 2015 when he succeeded former party leader and Foreign Secretary William Hague. In modern times it has been an ultra-safe seat for the Conservative Party with them having held it continually since 1929.

Richmond is included in the Yorkshire and the Humber constituency for elections to the European Parliament. It currently elects six members using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

Geography

Topography

Northallerton lies north of the Vale of York, just south of County Durham and in the Vale of Mowbray. To the west lie the Pennines, a range of hills which rises to around {{convert|2000|ft|m|abbr=on}} and to the east lie the North York Moors which rise to around {{convert|1500|ft|m|abbr=on}}. The proximity of these hills is significant in the climatology of the area. To the west of the town runs the River Wiske which services the River Swale, in turn it is serviced by Brompton Beck, Turker Beck, Willow Beck and North Beck which run through the town. Although small in nature these have been the focus of flash flooding in the town and in Brompton village in recent years.^[34]

Climate

According to the Köppen classification the British Isles experience a maritime climate characterised by relatively cool summers and mild winters. Compared with other parts of the country, The Vale of York is slightly warmer and sunnier in the summer and colder and frostier in the winter. Owing to its inland position, and sheltered by the Pennines to the west,^[35] North Yorkshire is one of the driest counties in the UK, receiving, on average, around {{convert|600|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain per year. The mean annual daily duration of bright sunshine is three hours and 42 minutes.

There are two distinct local weather phenomena, marked downslope lee winds caused by the proximity of the Pennines, leading to super geostrophic winds which can reach in excess of 60 KT (70 mph), most commonly in winter and spring. In the winter the presence of a subsidence inversion between the Pennines and the North York Moors can allow dense, persistent fog to form which can last for several days.

The nearest official Met Office weather station to Northallerton is Leeming, about {{convert|6|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} to the west. Temperature extremes have ranged from {{convert|33.5|C|F}} during August 1990,^[36] down to {{convert|-17.9|C|F}} during December 2010.^[37]

The new 1981-2010 (as opposed to 1971-2000) averages from the Met Office show how the climate of Leeming has changed dramatically compared with most places in the UK. The average April maximum temperature is only 12.3 °C, compared with 14.1 °C previously. The average yearly temperature has decreased to 9.45 °C compared to 9.55 °C previously and in contrast most places of the UK have become warmer. The days have become cooler and the nights warmer. Winters have become much milder, summers cooler. Leeming now gets an additional 44.7 mm of rain per year, although also 62.3 more hours of sunshine. The climate of Leeming has generally lost its characteristics of being drier and with more seasonal variation, compared with the rest of the UK. Leeming recorded its warmest December temperature on record in 2015.^[38]^[39]

Demography

According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, the town of Northallerton had a total resident population of 15,741 or 18.5% of the total of Hambleton District.^[42] This figure, combined with an area of {{convert|23.1|km2|sqmi|1}}, provides Northallerton with a population density figure of {{convert|674|PD/km²|PD/sqmi}}. This is higher than the average population density of England (at {{convert|380|PD/km²|PD/sqmi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}).

There are 8,203 females and 7,538 males, which works out for every 100 females there are 91.9 males.^[42]

The place of birth of the town's residents was 98.5% United Kingdom, 0.35% Republic of Ireland, 0.37% from other European Union countries, and 0.75% from elsewhere in the world.^[42]

Compared with the average demography of England, Northallerton has low proportions of people born outside the United Kingdom and ethnic minorities and above average numbers of people over 65 years of age.^[42]

The following is a table outlining the population change of the town since 1801, which demonstrates a trend of slow population growth in the 19th century and more rapid growth in the 20th century. In particular over the past 40 years, in which the population of Northallerton has more than doubled. The fall in population between 1851 and 1871 has been attributed to the collapse in coaching as the railways became popular.^[43]

Education

There are six primary schools in Northallerton,^[46] a secondary school and a Technology College. After completing primary education children move on to the Northallerton School, a secondary school and sixth form. In addition further adult learning courses are run at the college through the learndirect and Nextstep schemes.^[47] The College also runs courses through a Learn Direct centre at the Young Offender's Institute which is close to the College.^[47]

In addition there a number of privately run infant and day care nursery schools in Northallerton.

Northallerton School

Northallerton School's roots can be traced as far back as 1322.^[48] Originally sited near the Parish Church, its initial role was to train boys in grammar and song. The school flourished in the 17th century under the mastership of Thomas Smelt, and notable alumni of that period include theologian George Hickes, historiographer royal Thomas Rymer, John Radcliffe, doctor to King William of Orange and theologian Thomas Burnet.^[78] The school struggled in the 19th century and almost closed at the start of the 20th century with the number of pupils in single figures. However following the 1902 Education Act the North Riding Education Committee resolved to build and restructure the grammar school. To that end a new school was built near the Thirsk Road, which opened in 1909 with 104 pupils, half of whom were girls, the first time that they had been admitted.^[49] The school expanded throughout the 20th century. Following the 1944 Education Act, the school entry was based on the Eleven plus exam with all fees and charges being abolished. In 1973 the grammar school merged with the Secondary Modern Allertonshire School, which opened in 1941, with the Allertonshire taking pupils aged 11–14 and the grammar school ages 14–18.^[50] By 1976 the comprehensive system was adopted and in 1994 the grammar school was renamed Northallerton College to better reflect the school's role in the community.^[51] In 2015 Northallerton College merged with Allertonshire School to become a full secondary school.

Economy

As the county town of North Yorkshire, Northallerton has County Hall, the administrative headquarters for North Yorkshire County Council. The headquarters of Hambleton District Council at Stonecross and North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service on East Road, are also based in Northallerton. The headquarters of North Yorkshire Police is now also located in Northallerton at Alverton Court - having moved from Newby Wiske in 2017. Other major employers include the Friarage Hospital which employs around 1,400 staff.

Being the centre of a large rural area it is the focus of agriculture with several businesses servicing the needs of farming. The auction mart regularly holds livestock auctions.

The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 44.3% in full-time employment, 15% in part-time employment, 6.8% self-employed, 2.5% unemployed, 2.6% students with jobs, 4.7% students without jobs, 15.8% retired, 6.5% looking after home or family, 5.3% permanently sick or disabled, and 3.1% economically inactive for other reasons.^[42]

The average price of a house in Northallerton for the 12-month period ending July 2008 was £209,082^[52] compared to £200,433^[84] for North Yorkshire and the national average of £178,364.^[53]

Europe's third largest ice cream manufacturer, Richmond Foods, is headquartered in nearby Leeming Bar.^[54] It manufactures the popular Fab and Rowntree's Fruit Pastilles ice lollies.

Transport

Northallerton was a major stopping point on the coach routes between Scotland and London as it lay on the old Roman road which ran between Scotland and London.

Coaching operations declined in the mid 19th century after the railway was introduced to the town in 1841. Northallerton railway station which is run by TransPennine Express^[55] lies on the East Coast Main Line between Scotland, Newcastle and London.^[56]

In addition the railway also serves Cleveland and Durham with routes going on to Middlesbrough and Sunderland.^[56]

The Wensleydale Railway is reached by a bus service, operated by Dales & District, which runs from Northallerton to the current terminus of the railway at Leeming Bar, from where trains run to Redmire.^[57] It is hoped that eventually passenger trains will connect with the Settle-Carlisle Railway at Garsdale, and that the section of line near Northallerton known as the South Curve can be upgraded to allow trains from Wensleydale to run into Northallerton railway station without reversing onto the main line.^[58] At the moment there are some limited goods, engineering and excursion trains using the North Curve.^[58]

Two main A roads pass through the town: the A684 runs approximately east-west through the town and acts as a link between the A1(M) motorway at Leeming Bar and the A19 at Osmotherley; the A167 runs approximately north-south between the A1(M) at Darlington and the A168 at Topcliffe. In addition the A168 runs from Wetherby via Thirsk to Northallerton.

The nearest major airport is Durham Tees Valley Airport approximately {{convert|15|mi|km|abbr=on}} north of the town, lying just to the east of Darlington.

Sport and culture

Sport

Football

The club has never actually played in Northallerton, playing at the Bluestone Ground near County Hall in Romanby until 1974, then moving to its current location at the Regency Stadium on the outskirts of Romanby.^[59] The brothers Michael Dawson (Tottenham Hotspur defender), Andy Dawson (Hull City defender) and Kevin Dawson (Worksop Town defender) all started their football career at Northallerton Town.^[60]

Rugby

Northallerton Rugby Union Football Club play at Brompton Lodge on the outskirts of Brompton. The team play in the 2nd division of the Yorkshire League.^[61]

The recently formed rugby league club Northallerton Stallions has reached agreement with the rugby union club to play at their Brompton Lodge facilities.^[62]

Cricket

Cricket in Northallerton dates back to 1812, although the first recorded match played by Northallerton Cricket Club was in the early 1860s.^[100] The club was one of the six founder member teams of the North Yorkshire Cricket League which was formed in 1893.^[100] They later went on to join the Thirsk & District Senior League in 1911, winning their first title in 1914.^[100] Subsequently known as the York Senior League, Northallerton won the championship a further 8 times.^[100]

In 1949, the club moved from its ground adjacent to County Hall to its current location at the end of Farndale Avenue in Romanby.^[100] In 1965 a two tier pavilion was built at a cost of £6,500 and was opened with match against a Yorkshire XI which included Geoffrey Boycott.^[63]

The team currently plays in the North Yorkshire & South Durham Cricket League and fields three teams.^[106] The first 11 is currently captained by Liam Botham.^[64] A fourth team (the Wolves) plays in the Nidderdale League Division 7.^[64]

Aquatic sports

Northallerton has a leisure centre which is home to NASC (Northallerton Amateur Swimming Club) and Hambleton Seals Water Polo, who both play in competitive galas and matches. NASC recently came third in their moors league division which is an achievement for the club as they have not finished that high for a very long time. Hambleton Seals Water Polo are a newly formed team which aims to attract local children to a quite small, yet fun sport.

Media

There is a major television and radio transmitter at Bilsdale Moor, {{convert|8|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} east of the town, which broadcasts BBC National Radio (Radio 1–4), BBC Tees,^[65] commercial radio stations Classic FM, Heart North East, TFM and Capital North East and other local radio stations.^[66] It also transmits various digital television channels.^[66]

On 11 June 2007 Northallerton finally got its own radio station.^[67] Minster Northallerton, which is owned by the Local Radio Company.^[67] It broadcasts on the frequencies 103.5 MHz and 102.3 MHz.

The town is served by three local newspapers, North Yorkshire editions of the daily Northern Echo and the weekly Darlington & Stockton Times both published by Newsquest^[68] and the Northallerton, Thirsk & Bedale Times published by Johnston Press.^[69] Both publishers have local offices in the town.^[70]

Arts

The landscape photographer Joe Cornish has a gallery in the town which displays his and other photographers work and runs workshops on landscape photography.^[71]

Cinema and theatre

There was cinema in Northallerton from 1939 until 1995. The Lyric, in the High Street, opened in October 1939 and also served as a theatre, with a capacity of 1,000 seats.^[118] It fell into disrepair and eventually closed in June 1995.^[118] The building was then bought by the New Life Baptist Church and converted to a place of worship.^[72]

More recently The Forum, a multi-use arts and community centre, has staged a number of theatre productions and concerts. Having been built and run by Hambleton District Council, the Forum was taken over by a new registered charity in August 2012.^[73] Since mid 2011, with support from Cine Yorkshire, a project run by the National Media Museum, the Forum has been host to the latest digital cinema projection equipment and is showing mainstream films on a weekly basis - as well as live broadcasts from National Theatre Live and the Royal Opera House ^[74]

Retail and future developments

Within the town, three of the four major UK supermarkets can be found - Tesco, Sainsbury's and a small Asda near the town centre. There is also an M&S Simply Food on the high street. The northern part of Northallerton is a developing area in retail with a Wickes, Topps Tiles and the town's industrial estate and business parks. Homebase ceased trading in May 2015 due to being unprofitable^[75], and B&Q ceased trading in 2016 at the end of the lease, also due to not being profitable.^[75] The long High Street provides a wide variety of shops, restaurants, pubs and cafes. There are national retailers such as Costa Coffee (who also have another outlet in Tesco), Caffè Nero, Pizza Express, Pandora, Fat Face, Wilko (who occupy the former Woolworth's premises), Waterstones, O2, EE, Vodafone and Claire's alongside local independent or regional retailers; Betty's tearooms, Lewis & Cooper, Barker's Department Store and Boyes.

The longest serving Indian restaurant in the town is the Lion of Asia, which is located on the High Street. The Lion of Asia Indian restaurant has been in business in Northallerton for over 30 years and is still in business today. In the early 1990s Javaid, the current owner, was the pioneer into fusing traditional Pakistani and Indian cuisine together and to bring it to the area.

David Wilson Homes, Yorkshire (East) Division submitted a planning application for the construction of 283 dwellings on the former York Trailers site (on Yafforth Road). This was approved on 14 May 2014, with construction expected to finish early 2019.^[76]

On 15 November 2018, planning permission was granted for a £17m project featuring retail, residential, leisure and office space as well as a large public square to transform the former Northallerton Prison site.^[78]

Public services

Health service

North Yorkshire and York Primary Care Trust guides primary care services (general practitioners, dentists, opticians and pharmacists) in the town, directly provides adult social care and services in the community such as health visiting and physiotherapy and also funds hospital care and other specialist treatments. The town is served by two GP surgeries: Mayford House Surgery and Mowbray House Surgery. The Friarage Hospital serves the local community, employing 1,400 staff and providing 281 beds.^[79] In 2007 it underwent a £21 million programme of refurbishment and new development.^[79] It has close ties with the Ministry of Defence and acts in partnership with the MoD to provide medical care to military personnel. A number of military doctors, nurses and support staff are employed at the Friarage.^[79]

The Rutson Rehabilitation Centre, run by the North Yorkshire and York Primary Care Trust provides specialist support for stroke victims.^[131] It was due to close in spring 2008, as the building which opened in 1877 is not up to modern standards. However, the move has been delayed due to lack of space at the Friarage.^[80]

Following merger of Tees East and North Yorkshire Ambulance Service NHS Trust with the South Yorkshire Ambulance Service NHS Trust and the West Yorkshire metropolitan Ambulance Service NHS Trust in July 2006 the Yorkshire Ambulance Service NHS Trust is responsible for the provision of statutory emergency medical services in the town.^[81]

Public utilities

The main source of non-school funding is the formula grant, which is paid by government to local authorities based on the services they provide. The remainder, to which the police and fire authorities set a precept, is raised from council tax and business rates. Mains water and sewerage services are provided by Yorkshire Water.

Following deregulation, the consumer has a choice of energy supplier. Electricity is provided by CE Electric UK, trading as NEDL. Natural gas was (and still is) supplied by British Gas. Distribution and, as with electricity, transmission, is the responsibility of the National Grid, having been demerged as Transco in 1997. These industries are regulated by OFGEM.

BT provides fixed ADSL enabled (50 Mbit/s) telephone lines. The subscriber trunk dialling code for Northallerton is 01609. TalkTalk and EE are other LLU Operators in the town as of July 2009.^[82] These businesses are regulated by Ofcom.

Location grid

Notable people

See also

References

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9. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pT8uAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=modo+wastum+est|title=History and Antiquities of North Allerton, in the County of York|author=Christopher James Davidson Ingledew|accessdate=15 April 2008}}
10. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web|url=http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/medieval/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=32|title=Battle of Northallerton|publisher=Battlesfield Trust|accessdate=27 April 2008}}
11. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://cistercians.shef.ac.uk/people/thurstan-of-york.php|title=Thurstan, archbishop of York|publisher=The Cistercians in Yorkshire|accessdate=27 April 2008}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.northeastengland.talktalk.net/Northallerton.htm|title=Northallerton and Osmotherley History|publisher=The Yorkshire History Pages|accessdate=27 April 2008}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51183#s5|title=Northallerton (All Saints)|publisher=British History Online|accessdate=16 April 2008}}
14. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web|url=http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/NRY/Northallerton/Northallerton90.html|title=Northallerton:Geographical and Historical information from the year 1890|publisher=Genuki.org|accessdate=16 April 2008}}
15. ^¹²{{cite PastScape|mnumber=53968|mname= Bishop Rufus Palace|accessdate=16 April 2008}}
16. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.carmelite.org/chronology/northallerton.htm|title=British Province of Carmelites- Chronology of Northallerton|publisher=Carmelites.org.uk|accessdate=9 May 2008}}
17. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/topstories/display.var.1997942.0.dig_at_homes_site_uncovers_skeletons_of_eight_monks.php|title=Dig AT Homes Site Uncovers Skeletons of Eight Monks|work=Northern Echo|accessdate=9 May 2008}}
18. ^¹²{{cite news|url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/5/14/52376.html |title=Reopening line makes economic sense, says study |work=Northern Echo |accessdate=1 February 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102201026/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/5/14/52376.html |archivedate=2 January 2010 }}
19. ^{{Cite news|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/north_yorkshire/3702743.stm|title =Backing for restoring rail link|publisher =BBC |work=BBC News Online | date=11 May 2004 | accessdate=4 January 2010}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://archive.thisisthenortheast.co.uk/2003/4/7/96994.html |title=Railway plan may be back on track |publisher=ThisIsTheNorthEast.co.uk |accessdate=1 February 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811180007/http://archive.thisisthenortheast.co.uk/2003/4/7/96994.html |archivedate=11 August 2011 }}
21. ^{{Cite news|url = http://m.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/main-topics/general-news/campaigners-call-on-mps-to-restore-ripon-railway-link-1-6381730|title = Campaigners call on MPs to restore Ripon railway link|publisher = Yorkshire Post|accessdate = 2 March 2015}}
22. ^{{NHLE|num=1418378|desc=|accessdate=2 February 2016}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.drillhalls.org/Counties/Yorkshire/TownNorthallerton.htm|title=Northallerton|publisher=The drill hall project|accessdate=8 July 2017}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hmprisonservice.gov.uk/prisoninformation/locateaprison/prison.asp?id=1013,15,2,15,1013,0 |title=HM Prison Service Northallerton |publisher=HM Prison Service |accessdate=30 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922173727/http://www.hmprisonservice.gov.uk/prisoninformation/locateaprison/prison.asp?id=1013%2C15%2C2%2C15%2C1013%2C0 |archivedate=22 September 2008 }}
25. ^{{cite news|last1=Newton|first1=Grace|title=Dig will reveal remains of punishment treadmill at Yorkshire prison|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/dig-will-reveal-remains-of-punishment-treadmill-at-yorkshire-prison-1-8728810|accessdate=16 October 2017|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=30 August 2017}}
26. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=64779 |title=Parishes: Northallerton |editor-first=William|editor-last=Page|authorlink=William Henry Page |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1914 |work=Victoria County History: A History of the County of York North Riding: Volume 1 |accessdate=5 September 2011 }}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://northallertontowncouncil.gov.uk/town-council/councillors/|title=Councillors |website=Northallerton Town Council |access-date=5 October 2017}}
28. ^Under the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c.73)
29. ^Under the Local Government Act 1972 (1972 cap.70)
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.northyorksfire.gov.uk/about_us/fire_stations_test/index.html |title=Map of Area |publisher=North Yorks Fire Service |accessdate=14 April 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929200758/http://www.northyorksfire.gov.uk/about_us/fire_stations_test/index.html |archivedate=29 September 2007 }}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.northallertontowncouncil.org/TownTwinning/index.htm |title=Town Twinning |publisher=Northallerton Town Council |accessdate=24 April 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512153931/http://www.northallertontowncouncil.org/TownTwinning/index.htm |archivedate=12 May 2008 |deadurl=yes }}
32. ^Formally the Representation of the People Act 1832 (2 & 3 Will. IV c.45)
33. ^Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (48 & 49 Vict. c.23)
34. ^{{cite web|url=https://www3.northyorks.gov.uk/n2cabinet_area/hambleton_/reports_/20021209_/floodingspreads/floodingspreads.xls|publisher=Hambleton.gov.uk|title=Thirsk Division 2 (Opens as Excel Spreadsheet)|accessdate=27 April 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719135952/https://www3.northyorks.gov.uk/n2cabinet_area/hambleton_/reports_/20021209_/floodingspreads/floodingspreads.xls|archivedate=19 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ne/ |title=North East England: climate |publisher=Met Office |accessdate=16 February 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105223816/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ne/ |archivedate=5 November 2013 }}
36. ^{{cite web | publisher = KNMI | url= http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=14&year=1990&indexid=TXx&stationid=2116 | title = 1990 temperature}}
37. ^{{cite web | publisher = UKMO | url= http://metofficenews.wordpress.com/2010/12/03/local-minimum-temperature-records-fall-across-the-country/ | title = 2010 temperature}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcwvp7zue|title=Northallerton climate|first=Met|last=Office|date=|website=www.metoffice.gov.uk|accessdate=3 April 2018}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.tutiempo.net/climate/12-2015/ws-32570.html|title=Climate Leeming (December 2015) - Climate data (32570)|first=Tutiempo Network,|last=S.L.|date=|website=www.tutiempo.net|accessdate=3 April 2018}}
40. ^{{cite web| url =http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcwvp7zue | title = Leeming 1981-2010 | accessdate = 7 June 2016 | publisher = Met Office}}
41. ^{{cite web| url =http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/anomaly.php?indexcat=**&indexid=TNn&year=1993&seasonid=17&create_image=true&minx=-1111428.5714287&miny=-4687142.8571429&maxx=621904.76190476&maxy=-3387142.8571428&MapSize=560%2C420&imagewidth=560&imageheight=420&mainmap.x=321&mainmap.y=233&CMD=QUERY_POINT&CMD=QUERY_POINT#bottom | title = Leeming extreme values | accessdate = 6 November 2011 | publisher = KNMI}}
42. ^¹²³⁴⁵Statistics for the town of Northallerton were calculated using data for its four wards (Northallerton Broomfield, North, West and Romanby), which was retrieved from the National Statistics website
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49. ^{{cite book|title= From Middle Ages to Millennium Northallerton Grammar School and College 1322-2000|last=Riordan|first=Michael|publisher=County Print|isbn=1-86123-103-2|pages=16–18}}
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53. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.landregistry.gov.uk/www/wps/portal/PrimaryWebsite|title=Land Registry|publisher=Landregistry.gov.uk|accessdate=25 September 2008}}
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