| 词条 | 1987 Chicago mayoral election | ||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = Chicago mayoral election, 1987 | country = Chicago | type = presidential | ongoing = no | previous_year = 1983 | next_year = 1989 (special) | election_date = April 7, 1987 | turnout = 74.08%[1] {{decrease}} 7.99 pp | image1 = | nominee1 = Harold Washington | party1 = Democratic Party (United States) | running_mate1 = | colour1 = | popular_vote1 = 600,290 | percentage1 = 55.4% | image2 = | nominee2 = Ed Vrdolyak | party2 = Solidarity Party (Illinois) | colour2 = | running_mate2 = | popular_vote2 = 468,493 | percentage2 = 42.0% | map_image = | map_size = | map_caption = | title = Mayor | before_election = Harold Washington | before_party = Democratic Party (United States) | after_election = Harold Washington | after_party = Democratic Party (United States) }}{{ElectionsIL}} The Chicago mayoral election of 1987 was first the primary election on February 24, 1987 followed by the general election on April 7, 1987. The election saw the re-election of Chicago, Illinois' first African-American mayor, Harold Washington. Ed Vrdolyak, the leader of the Vrdolyak 29, unsuccessfully opposed him, running on Solidarity ticket. Former mayor Jane Byrne, who served from 1979 until 1983 unsuccessfully challenged Washington in the Democratic primary. Primaries and nominationsDemocratic primaryDespite having, at one point, considered running for reelection as an independent (thus forgoing a primary),[2] incumbent Democrat Harold Washington ultimately ran for re-nomination. This came counter to expectations, which had widely been that he would follow-through on plans run as an independent.[3] Four years earlier Washington had won nomination against divided opposition, and in 1987 faced a more united bloc of opponents. Nevertheless, Washington won the Democratic primary. Former Mayor Jane Byrne challenged Washington in the Democratic primary for mayor. He had unseated her in the previous Democratic primary. Richard M. Daley, who (along with Byrne) had been one of Washington's chief opponents in the 1983 primary threw his support behind Washington.[4] Washington did not attend any debates.[4] Byrne's campaign ads argued that, under Washington's tenure, racial tensions in Chicago had increased.[4] Byrne's strategy aimed to limit Washington's share of the white vote to a maximum of 10%, while managing to capture 10% of the black vote for herself.[4] Post-election polling indicated that Washington received 96% of the black vote (a greater share than he had received four years earlier).[4] Polling also indicated that he received 21% of the white vote (more than twice what he had received four years earlier).[4] Surveys also indicated that turnout in heavily-black precincts had increased since the last election, whilst turnout in heavily-white precincts had experienced a small decline.[4] Washington's victory made 1987 the first Chicago mayoral race since 1975 Chicago mayoral election in which the incumbent mayor won the primary.[5] Also running was Sheila A. Jones.[6] Cook County Accessor Thomas Hynes had originally been running for the Democratic nomination. However, on January 7 he dropped out of the primary.[7] One January 13 he declared that he intended to instead run as the nominee of the "Chicago First" party, a party which he himself had just founded. [8][9]ResultsTurnout was 75.68%.[1] Washington received 96% of the African-American vote, surpassing the 80% in the 1983 election.[10] Washington received 25% of the white vote, rising from 17% he received in 1983.[11] {{electiontable|Chicago Democratic Party Mayoral primary (February 24, 1987)}}|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center" | Chicago Democratic Party Mayoral Primary, 1987[12] |- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center" | Candidate | Votes | % | +/- |- | bgcolor="#3333FF" | | align="left" | Harold Washington | {{formatnum:586841}} | {{formatnum:53.50%}} | +17.22% |- | bgcolor="#3333FF" | | align="left" | Jane Byrne | {{formatnum:507603}} | {{formatnum:46.27%}} | +12.63% |- | bgcolor="#3333FF" | | align="left" | Sheila Jones | {{formatnum:2549}} | {{formatnum:0.23%}} | +0.12% |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Majority | {{formatnum:79238}} | {{formatnum:7.22%}} | +2.64% |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Total | {{formatnum:1,096993}} || {{formatnum:100.00%}} | N/A |- |} Republican primaryAt one point it was believed that, if a federal bribery investigation against members of City Hall (including some in Washington's administration) had proved damaging enough to Washington, he might face a particularly notable Republican opponent such as Richard B. Ogilvie or Dan K. Webb (the latter of whom had been involved in launching the aforementioned bribery probe).[3] This did not come into fruition. However, what did come to fruition was simultaneous speculation that Democrats may bolt from their party and challenge Washington as a Republican.[3] The Republican Party nominated Donald H. Haider, a business professor and former city budget director.[5][23][13] Haider was formerly a Democrat.[5][14] Haider was endorsed by the city's Republican Party organization on December 4, 1986.[14] He had narrowly defeated 1983 nominee Bernard Epton.[14] However, despite the party endorsing Haider, Epton and Democratic state senator Jeremiah E. Joyce indicated their intentions to challenge Haider in the Republican primary.[14] Neither ultimately ran. Instead, he was challenged by Kenneth Hurst, Chester Hornowski, and Ray Wardingly.[13] Kenneth Hurst was the 39th Ward Republican committeeman and was also running for alderman in that ward.[13] A self-described Reagan Republican, he ran for mayor on a wide number of social issues. Hurst opposed the Equal Rights Amendment and a gay rights ordinance by the City Council.[13] He also opposed publicly subsidized abortions and the distribution of contraceptives in clinics at public school.[13] Chester Hornowski was the 35th Ward Republican committeeman, as well as a police officer.[13] He focused his time more heavily on his coinciding aldermanic campaign, admitting he had little prospect of becoming mayor.[13][15] He ran for mayor on a "law and order" platform, also pledging to end tax hikes and improve the city's schools.[13] Ray Wardingley, an entertainer who performed as a clown under the name "Spanky the Clown", had run for mayor twice before.[13] He promoted himself as the candidate representing "the little guy"[13] Results{{expand section|date=January 2019}}Haider won the primary. Solidarity nominationVrdolyak formally received the Solidarity nomination on February 24.[9] Independent and other third-party candidatesIndependent candidate Ronald D. Bartos saw his name removed from the ballot due to issues with his petition.[16] "Chicago First" nominee Thomas Hynes withdrew before the election and threw his support behind Washington's two remaining opponents.[17] General electionCampaign{{Expand section|date=December 2018}}The fifth overall mayoral candidate to be a resident of Edgewater, haider would have been the third mayor from Edgewater if he were elected (and the first since Martin H. Kennelly).[18] Some regarded Washington's modest margin of victory in the Democratic primary as an indicator that he would be vulnerable in the general election.[5] In a desperate bid for press, Republican nominee Haider rode an elephant (an animal often used to symbolize the Republican Party) down State Street[19] Civil rights activist and wife of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Coretta Scott King campaigned for Washington in predominately African-American neighborhoods throughout the city; Most notably at the city's public housing complexes.[20] Results{{Election box begin no change| title=Mayor of Chicago 1987[21] (General Election)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party = Democratic Party (United States) |candidate = Harold Washington (incumbent) |votes = 600,252 |percentage = 53.8 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Solidarity Party (Illinois) |candidate =Edward Vrdolyak |votes = 468,444 |percentage = 42.0 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change |party = Republican Party (United States) |candidate = Donald Haider |votes = 47,648 |percentage = 4.3 }}{{Election box turnout no change |votes = 1,116,344 |percentage = }}{{Election box end}} References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Election Live Blog: Low voter turnout continues into evening |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/election-day-live-blog-runoff-chicago-mayor-alderman-ward-treasurer-race/ |website=Chicago Sun-Times |accessdate=3 April 2019 |date=3 April 2019}} {{Illinois elections}}2. ^[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19850218&id=KI5PAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZQYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1708,1215300 Chicago's Mayor May Run On An Independent Ticket] Ocala Star-Banner - Feb 18, 1985 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |last1=Green |first1=Larry |title=Scandal Has Mayor of Chicago Fighting for His Political Life |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-03-02-mn-1403-story.html |website=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=25 March 2019 |archivedate=2 March 1986}} 4. ^https://www.lib.niu.edu/1991/ii910617.html 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |last1=Malcolm |first1=Andrew H. |title=WASHINGTON IS VICTOR IN CHICAGO MAYORAL PRIMARY |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/25/us/washington-is-victor-in-chicago-mayoral-primary.html |publisher=New York Times |accessdate=15 December 2018 |date=February 25, 1987}} 6. ^https://app.chicagoelections.com/documents/Electoral-Board/document_1222.PDF 7. ^https://app.chicagoelections.com/documents/Electoral-Board/document_1223.PDF 8. ^{{cite web |title=[Chicago mayoral primary 1987] |url=https://mediaburn.org/video/chicago-mayoral-primary-1987/ |publisher=WLS-TV |accessdate=15 December 2018 |date=January 13, 1987}} 9. ^1 https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/02/26/after-primary-mayors-field-in-chicago-is-still-crowded 10. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/25/us/washington-is-victor-in-chicago-mayoral-primary.html New York Times - WASHINGTON IS VICTOR IN CHICAGO MAYORAL PRIMARY - Feb. 25, 1987] 11. ^[https://www.chicagoreporter.com/looking-back-at-washingtons-victory-all-blacks-most-latinos-17-whites/ Chicago Reader - Can Washington’s victory point the way forward for the next Chicago mayor? - By Ben Joravsky and Tom Brune | March 10, 2015] 12. ^http://chicagodemocracy.org/ElectionResults.jsp?election=crdd_primary%2Ccrdd_1987_primary_election%2Cil_chi_mayor Election Results for 1987 Primary Election, Mayor, Chicago, IL 13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite news |last1=Camper |first1=John |last2=Devall |first2=Cheryl |date=February 23, 1987 |title=4 REPUBLICANS TRY TO MAKE A DENT IN MAYORAL RACE John Camper and Cheryl Devall CHICAGO TRIBUNE |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1987-02-23-8701150433-story.html |work=Chicago Tribune |location= |access-date=January 22, 2019 }} 14. ^1 2 3 4 http://www.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-1986-12-04-8603310769-story.html 15. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GIufiaSpvM 16. ^https://app.chicagoelections.com/documents/Electoral-Board/document_1276.PDF 17. ^https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/dan-hynes-harold-washington-ad-tom-hynes-chicago-racial-politics/Content?oid=1384818 18. ^{{cite web |title=Edgewater Teasers Vol. XVI No. 3 - FALL 2005 |url=http://www.edgewaterhistory.org/ehs/articles/v16-3-5 |publisher=Edgewater History |accessdate=13 February 2019}} 19. ^[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/commentary/ct-things-chicago-mayoral-elections-emanuel-garcia-perspec-0329-jm-20150327-story,amp.html 10 things you might not know about Chicago mayoral elections] Mark Jacob and Stephan Benzkofer March 10, 2015 20. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=atp--hO4a6k CORETTA SCOTT KING & HAROLD WASHINGTON @ 1987 CHICAGO mayoral race - CBS news segment] 21. ^{{cite web| url=http://chicagodemocracy.org/ElectionResults.jsp?election=crdd_general%2Ccrdd_1987_general_election%2Cil_chi_mayor | title=Election Results for 1987 General Election, Mayor, Chicago, IL}} 5 : Mayoral elections in Chicago|1987 United States mayoral elections|1987 Illinois elections|20th century in Chicago|1980s in Chicago
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