| 词条 | 1988 Singaporean general election | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|election_name = Singaporean general election, 1988 |country = Singapore |type = parliamentary |ongoing = no |previous_election = Singaporean general election, 1984 |previous_year = 1984 |next_election = Singaporean general election, 1991 |next_year = 1991 |election_date = 3 September 1988 |turnout = 94.7% |seats_for_election = 81 seats (plus 2 NCMPs) to the Parliament of Singapore. Only 50 seats contested; 41 seats needed for a majority. |image1 = |leader1 = Lee Kuan Yew |party1 = People's Action Party |leaders_seat1 = Tanjong Pagar |last_election1 = 77 seats, 64.8% |seats1 = 80 |seat_change1 = {{increase}}3 |popular_vote1 = 848,029 |percentage1 = 63.2% |swing1 = {{decrease}}1.6% |colour1 = 0052A1 |image2 = |leader2 = J.B. Jeyaretnam |party2 = Workers' Party of Singapore |leaders_seat2 = Non-Constituency |last_election2 = 1 seat, 3.7% |seats2 = 0 + 2 NCMPs |seat_change2 = {{decrease}}1 |popular_vote2 = 224,473 |percentage2 = 12.6% (total) / 38.5% (valid) |swing2 = {{increase}}6.4%/{{decrease}}3.4% |colour2 = 93B3D4 |image3 = |leader3 = Chiam See Tong |party3 = Singapore Democratic Party |leaders_seat3 = Potong Pasir |last_election3 = 1 seat, 3.7% |seats3 = 1 |seat_change3 = {{steady}} |popular_vote3 = 158,341 |percentage3 = 11.8% (total) / 39.5% (valid) |swing3 = {{increase}}5.7%/{{decrease}}6.6% |colour3 = FF0000 |title = Prime Minister |posttitle = Elected Prime Minister |before_election = Lee Kuan Yew |after_election = Lee Kuan Yew |before_party = People's Action Party |after_party = People's Action Party }}{{Politics of Singapore}} General elections were held in Singapore on 3 September 1988. The result was a victory for the People's Action Party, which won 80 of the 81 seats. Voter turnout was 94.7%, although this figure represents the turnout in the 50 constituencies to be contested,[1] with PAP candidates earning walkovers in the other 31. OverviewGroup Representation Constituencies were introduced in this general election to ensure ethnic minority representation in Parliament, starting with three joint constituencies. This was the last time Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew led the PAP in an election and another two stalwarts, former Deputy Prime Minister Dr Toh Chin Chye and Senior Minister S. Rajaratnam, retired for the PAP's renewal process. Two seats were vacated in 1986 - the seat of Anson for Workers' Party (WP) Member of Parliament and chief J. B. Jeyaretnam and Geylang West of PAP MP Teh Cheang Wan, the former convicted and disqualified as MP for improper party accounts, while the latter committed suicide while on investigations for corruption - but no by-election was held in either constituencies. WP absorbed two parties, Barisan Sosialis (BS) and Singapore United Front to become the largest opposition party and also allied with the Malay party PKMS as one common unit. The election also saw the debut of WP candidate Low Thia Khiang, who would went on to win Hougang Single Member Constituency on the next election (which was also formed in this election), and become the party's secretary-general (the role as of 2018 was since held by Pritam Singh, who he and Low were current MPs of the Aljunied Group Representation Constituency). With the Singapore Democratic Party leader's Chiam See Tong sole victory in the seat of Potong Pasir, two Non-Constituency MP seats were offered to former solicitor-general and Law Society president, Francis Seow and veteran politician Dr Lee Siew Choh, both of which were standing under the WP ticket in Eunos Group Representation Constituency; their campaign was notable for criticizing PAP for alleged dubious financial circumstances, which caused PAP candidate and Minister of State Tay Eng Soon to lead their PAP team for Eunos. Despite losing by a narrow margin of 49.1%-50.9%, WP were eligible for the NCMP; however, Seow fled the country to avoid arrest and was disqualified from the post while Lee took up the offer and became Singapore's first NCMP, marking Lee's return to Parliament after 25 years since his last stint as a PAP and BS legislator. Once again, there was a significant increase of election deposit. In November 1990, two years after the election, the Nominated MP scheme was implemented to introduce non-partisan voices into the legislature. Although the law allowed up to six NMPs, two were appointed at the start and served for a year before the Parliament term ended. Boundary changes1988 was the first election in Singapore's history to introduce the Group Representation Constituency (GRC) scheme, which were formed with series of three (later elections increases up to six) constituencies/divisions with at least one minority member representing to ensure ethnic minority representation in Parliament, thus cumulating the effects with Plurality-at-large voting. Additionally, single member constituencies (SMC) were either formed from or absorbed to neighboring constituencies due to development and electorate, which was shown in the table below:
New candidates
Retiring candidates
Results | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |- |align=left|People's Action Party||848,029||63.2||80||+3 |- |align=left|Workers' Party||224,473||16.7||0||–1 |- |align=left|Singapore Democratic Party||158,341||11.8||1||0 |- |align=left|National Solidarity Party||50,432||3.8||0||New |- |align=left|United People's Front||17,282||1.3||0||0 |- |align=left|Singapore Justice Party||14,660||1.1||0||0 |- |align=left|Singapore Malay National Organisation||13,526||1.0||0||0 |- |align=left|Angkatan Islam||280||0.0||0||0 |- |align=left|Independents||15,412||1.1||0||0 |- |align=left|Invalid/blank votes||30,629||–||–||– |- |align=left|Total||1,373,064||100||81||+2 |- |align=left|Registered voters/turnout||1,449,838||86.9||–||– |- |colspan=5 align=left|Source: Singapore Elections |} References1. ^Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II, p255 {{ISBN|0-19-924959-8}} {{Singaporean elections}} 3 : 1988 elections in Asia|Elections in Singapore|1988 in Singapore
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