| 释义 |
- Results Results by county
- References
- See also
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1988}}{{Infobox Election
| election_name = United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, 1988
| country = Pennsylvania
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, 1984
| previous_year = 1984
| next_election = United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, 1992
| next_year = 1992
| election_date = November 8, 1988
| image1 =
| nominee1 = George H.W. Bush
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| home_state1 = Texas
| running_mate1 = Dan Quayle
| electoral_vote1 = 25
| popular_vote1 = 2,300,087
| percentage1 = 50.70%
| image2 =
| nominee2 = Michael Dukakis
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| home_state2 = Massachusetts
| running_mate2 = Lloyd Bentsen
| electoral_vote2 = 0
| popular_vote2 = 2,194,944
| percentage2 = 48.39%
| map_image = Pennsylvania Presidential Election Results 1988.svg
| map_size = 250px
| map_caption = County Results{{col-start}}{{col-2}}Bush{{legend|#e27f90|50-60%}}{{legend|#cc2f4a|60-70%}}{{legend|#d40000|70-80%}}{{col-2}}Dukakis{{legend|#b9d7ff|40-50%}}{{legend|#86b6f2|50-60%}}{{legend|#4389e3|60-70%}}{{col-end}}
| title = President
| before_election = Ronald Reagan
| before_party = Republican
| after_election = George H. W. Bush
| after_party = Republican
}}{{ElectionsPA}}The 1988 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 8, 1988, and was part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Voters chose 25 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Pennsylvania voted for the Republican nominee, Vice President George H. W. Bush, over the Democratic nominee, Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis. Bush won the state by a narrow margin of 2.31 percentage points. This was the last election where Pennsylvania would be carried by a Republican presidential candidate until 2016. Northampton and Luzerne counties, both statewide bellwethers, would also not vote Republican again until 2016.[1] This was also the first election since 1932 where Pennsylvania did not vote the same as neighboring New York, another phenomenon that would not occur again until 2016. {{As of|2016|11|alt=As of the 2016 presidential election}}, this is the last election in which Philadelphia’s suburban counties, namely Bucks, Montgomery, and Delaware, voted for a Republican presidential candidate. This is also the last time Lehigh County voted Republican at the presidential level.[1]Results| United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, 1988[2] |
|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes |
|---|
| Republican | George H. W. Bush | 2,300,087 | 50.70% | 25 |
|---|
| Democratic | Michael Dukakis | 2,194,944 | 48.39% | 0 |
|---|
| Consumer | Eugene McCarthy | 19,158 | 0.42% | 0 |
|---|
| Libertarian | Ron Paul | 12,051 | 0.27% | 0 |
|---|
| New Alliance | Lenora Fulani | 4,379 | 0.10% | 0 |
|---|
| America First | David Duke | 3,444 | 0.08% | 0 |
|---|
| Workers' League | Edward Winn | 2,188 | 0.05% | 0 |
|---|
|
| Totals | 4,536,251 | 100.00% | 25 |
Results by county | George Herbert Walker Bush
Republican | Michael Stanley Dukakis
Democratic | Various candidates
Other parties | Margin | Total votes cast |
|---|
| County | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # |
|---|
| Adams | 15,650 | 64.92% | 8,299 | 34.43% | 156 | 0.65% | 7,351 | 30.50% | 24,105 | | Allegheny | 231,137 | 39.43% | 348,814 | 59.51% | 6,200 | 1.06% | -117,677 | -20.08% | 586,151 | | Armstrong | 11,509 | 44.81% | 13,892 | 54.09% | 282 | 1.10% | -2,383 | -9.28% | 25,683 | | Beaver | 25,764 | 33.69% | 50,327 | 65.81% | 378 | 0.49% | -24,563 | -32.12% | 76,469 | | Bedford | 11,123 | 65.55% | 5,754 | 33.91% | 92 | 0.54% | 5,369 | 31.64% | 16,969 | | Berks | 70,153 | 62.39% | 41,040 | 36.50% | 1,251 | 1.11% | 29,113 | 25.89% | 112,444 | | Blair | 25,623 | 61.50% | 15,588 | 37.42% | 451 | 1.08% | 10,035 | 24.09% | 41,662 | | Bradford | 13,568 | 66.72% | 6,635 | 32.63% | 134 | 0.66% | 6,933 | 34.09% | 20,337 | | Bucks | 127,563 | 59.99% | 82,472 | 38.78% | 2,605 | 1.23% | 45,091 | 21.21% | 212,640 | | Butler | 27,777 | 54.82% | 22,341 | 44.09% | 549 | 1.08% | 5,436 | 10.73% | 50,667 | | Cambria | 25,626 | 39.70% | 38,517 | 59.67% | 409 | 0.63% | -12,891 | -19.97% | 64,552 | | Cameron | 1,731 | 65.20% | 901 | 33.94% | 23 | 0.87% | 830 | 31.26% | 2,655 | | Carbon | 10,232 | 52.35% | 9,104 | 46.57% | 211 | 1.08% | 1,128 | 5.77% | 19,547 | | Centre | 23,875 | 56.14% | 18,357 | 43.17% | 295 | 0.69% | 5,518 | 12.98% | 42,527 | | Chester | 93,522 | 67.00% | 44,853 | 32.13% | 1,210 | 0.87% | 48,669 | 34.87% | 139,585 | | Clarion | 8,026 | 58.37% | 5,616 | 40.84% | 109 | 0.79% | 2,410 | 17.53% | 13,751 | | Clearfield | 14,296 | 53.52% | 12,235 | 45.80% | 182 | 0.68% | 2,061 | 7.72% | 26,713 | | Clinton | 5,735 | 49.38% | 5,759 | 49.59% | 119 | 1.02% | -24 | -0.21% | 11,613 | | Columbia | 12,114 | 60.51% | 7,767 | 38.79% | 140 | 0.70% | 4,347 | 21.71% | 20,021 | | Crawford | 17,249 | 56.32% | 13,021 | 42.51% | 358 | 1.17% | 4,228 | 13.80% | 30,628 | | Cumberland | 47,292 | 65.29% | 24,613 | 33.98% | 528 | 0.73% | 22,679 | 31.31% | 72,433 | | Dauphin | 48,917 | 57.77% | 35,079 | 41.43% | 681 | 0.80% | 13,838 | 16.34% | 84,677 | | Delaware | 147,656 | 59.95% | 96,144 | 39.03% | 2,505 | 1.02% | 51,512 | 20.91% | 246,305 | | Elk | 6,737 | 52.86% | 5,879 | 46.13% | 128 | 1.00% | 858 | 6.73% | 12,744 | | Erie | 48,306 | 46.76% | 53,913 | 52.19% | 1,081 | 1.05% | -5,607 | -5.43% | 103,300 | | Fayette | 16,915 | 33.60% | 33,098 | 65.74% | 336 | 0.67% | -16,183 | -32.14% | 50,349 | | Forest | 1,159 | 56.13% | 895 | 43.34% | 11 | 0.53% | 264 | 12.78% | 2,065 | | Franklin | 27,086 | 68.32% | 12,368 | 31.20% | 190 | 0.48% | 14,718 | 37.13% | 39,644 | | Fulton | 3,086 | 66.42% | 1,532 | 32.97% | 28 | 0.60% | 1,554 | 33.45% | 4,646 | | Greene | 4,879 | 34.62% | 9,126 | 64.75% | 90 | 0.64% | -4,247 | -30.13% | 14,095 | | Huntingdon | 8,800 | 64.56% | 4,752 | 34.86% | 79 | 0.58% | 4,048 | 29.70% | 13,631 | | Indiana | 14,983 | 47.21% | 16,514 | 52.03% | 242 | 0.76% | -1,531 | -4.82% | 31,739 | | Jefferson | 9,743 | 60.48% | 6,235 | 38.71% | 131 | 0.81% | 3,508 | 21.78% | 16,109 | | Juniata | 4,881 | 62.87% | 2,834 | 36.50% | 49 | 0.63% | 2,047 | 26.37% | 7,764 | | Lackawanna | 42,083 | 47.42% | 45,591 | 51.38% | 1,067 | 1.20% | -3,508 | -3.95% | 88,741 | | Lancaster | 96,979 | 70.77% | 38,982 | 28.45% | 1,068 | 0.78% | 57,997 | 42.32% | 137,029 | | Lawrence | 15,829 | 41.76% | 21,884 | 57.74% | 191 | 0.50% | -6,055 | -15.97% | 37,904 | | Lebanon | 24,415 | 66.69% | 11,912 | 32.54% | 281 | 0.77% | 12,503 | 34.15% | 36,608 | | Lehigh | 56,363 | 56.30% | 42,801 | 42.76% | 943 | 0.94% | 13,562 | 13.55% | 100,107 | | Luzerne | 59,059 | 50.01% | 58,553 | 49.58% | 480 | 0.41% | 506 | 0.43% | 118,092 | | Lycoming | 24,792 | 64.00% | 13,528 | 34.92% | 415 | 1.07% | 11,264 | 29.08% | 38,735 | | McKean | 9,323 | 63.22% | 5,300 | 35.94% | 124 | 0.84% | 4,023 | 27.28% | 14,747 | | Mercer | 21,301 | 46.43% | 24,278 | 52.92% | 301 | 0.66% | -2,977 | -6.49% | 45,880 | | Mifflin | 8,170 | 62.49% | 4,790 | 36.63% | 115 | 0.88% | 3,380 | 25.85% | 13,075 | | Monroe | 17,185 | 62.79% | 9,859 | 36.02% | 327 | 1.19% | 7,326 | 26.77% | 27,371 | | Montgomery | 170,294 | 60.20% | 109,834 | 38.83% | 2,742 | 0.97% | 60,460 | 21.37% | 282,870 | | Montour | 3,617 | 63.50% | 2,031 | 35.66% | 48 | 0.84% | 1,586 | 27.84% | 5,696 | | Northampton | 42,748 | 51.52% | 39,264 | 47.32% | 966 | 1.16% | 3,484 | 4.20% | 82,978 | | Northumberland | 20,207 | 58.07% | 14,255 | 40.96% | 338 | 0.97% | 5,952 | 17.10% | 34,800 | | Perry | 8,545 | 68.18% | 3,910 | 31.20% | 78 | 0.62% | 4,635 | 36.98% | 12,533 | | Philadelphia | 219,053 | 32.45% | 449,566 | 66.60% | 6,358 | 0.94% | -230,513 | -34.15% | 674,977 | | Pike | 6,659 | 67.15% | 3,097 | 31.23% | 161 | 1.62% | 3,562 | 35.92% | 9,917 | | Potter | 4,432 | 67.23% | 2,119 | 32.15% | 41 | 0.62% | 2,313 | 35.09% | 6,592 | | Schuylkill | 32,666 | 56.47% | 24,797 | 42.87% | 379 | 0.66% | 7,869 | 13.60% | 57,842 | | Snyder | 9,054 | 76.87% | 2,658 | 22.57% | 67 | 0.57% | 6,396 | 54.30% | 11,779 | | Somerset | 16,809 | 54.63% | 13,815 | 44.90% | 144 | 0.47% | 2,994 | 9.73% | 30,768 | | Sullivan | 1,808 | 61.88% | 1,091 | 37.34% | 23 | 0.79% | 717 | 24.54% | 2,922 | | Susquehanna | 9,077 | 64.58% | 4,871 | 34.65% | 108 | 0.77% | 4,206 | 29.92% | 14,056 | | Tioga | 9,471 | 66.00% | 4,807 | 33.50% | 72 | 0.50% | 4,664 | 32.50% | 14,350 | | Union | 7,912 | 71.05% | 3,163 | 28.40% | 61 | 0.55% | 4,749 | 42.65% | 11,136 | | Venango | 11,468 | 56.60% | 8,624 | 42.56% | 171 | 0.84% | 2,844 | 14.04% | 20,263 | | Warren | 8,991 | 56.21% | 6,790 | 42.45% | 214 | 1.34% | 2,201 | 13.76% | 15,995 | | Washington | 28,651 | 37.43% | 47,527 | 62.08% | 375 | 0.49% | -18,876 | -24.66% | 76,553 | | Wayne | 9,926 | 71.61% | 3,775 | 27.23% | 161 | 1.16% | 6,151 | 44.37% | 13,862 | | Westmoreland | 61,472 | 44.13% | 76,710 | 55.07% | 1,108 | 0.80% | -15,238 | -10.94% | 139,290 | | Wyoming | 6,607 | 69.94% | 2,797 | 29.61% | 43 | 0.46% | 3,810 | 40.33% | 9,447 | | York | 72,408 | 65.16% | 37,691 | 33.92% | 1,017 | 0.92% | 34,717 | 31.24% | 111,116 | | Totals | 2,300,087 | 50.70% | 2,194,944 | 48.39% | 41,220 | 0.91% | 105,143 | 2.32% | 4,536,251 |
|---|
References1. ^1 Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
2. ^{{cite web|author=David Leip|publisher=Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas|url=https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=1988&fips=42&f=1&off=0&elect=0&minper=0|title=1988 Presidential General Election Results – Pennsylvania|accessdate=2018-03-23}}
See also {{State Results of the 1988 U.S. presidential election}} 3 : 1988 United States presidential election by state|United States presidential elections in Pennsylvania|1988 Pennsylvania elections |