| 词条 | 1990 Bosnian general election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
General elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 18 November 1990, with a second round of voting in the House of Peoples elections on 2 December.[1] These were the final general elections to be held in Bosnia and Herzegovina while it was still a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. A presidential election was held to elect candidates to a seven-member republic presidium. Six candidates were elected by members of Bosnia's nations (two each by Bosnian Muslims, Bosnian Serbs, and Bosnian Croats), and a seventh candidate was elected to represent all "others". All of the presidential seats were won by parties structured around national lines: the Party of Democratic Action (SDA) won the two Muslim seats, the Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) won the two Serb seats, the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) won the two Croat seats, and the "other" seat was won by SDA member Ejup Ganić, who ran as a "Yugoslav". Although Fikret Abdić received more votes than any other candidate, he agreed to stand aside and permit fellow SDA member Alija Izetbegović to become president of the presidium.[2] The Party of Democratic Action also emerged as the largest party in the election for the Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with 43 of the 130 seats in the Chamber of Citizens and 43 of the 110 seats in the Chamber of Municipalities. Voter turnout was 74.4% for the presidential election, 81.6% for the Chamber of Municipalities election and 77.5% for the Chamber of Citizens election.[1] However, the election was marred by irregularities; in Brčko, Doboj, Nevesinje and Sarajevo there were more votes than registered voters (13,316 registered voters in Brčko but 49,055 votes, 4,771 voters in the Old City of Sarajevo but 28,974 votes).[3] ResultsPresidency (seven members)[4]Bosniaks (two elected)
Bosnian Serbs (two elected)
Bosnian Croats (two elected)
"Others" (one elected)
Chamber of Citizens
Chamber of Municipalities
References1. ^1 Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p330 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}} {{Bosnian elections}}2. ^Viktor Meier, Yugoslavia: A History of its Demise, Trans. Sabrina Ramet, (London and New York: Routledge, 1999), p. 193. 3. ^Nohlen & Stöver, p329 4. ^Sources: Dieter Nohlen and Philip Stöver, Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook (Nomos, 2011); Mirsad Karic, "Social Cleavages, Conflict and Accommodation in Bosnian Political History from the Late 19th Century until the 1990s," Bilgi, Issue #22 (2011), p. 91; Virtuts Sambró Melero, "Las elecciones de 1990 en Bosnia," in Carlos Flores Juberías, ed., De la Europa del Este al este de Europa (Universitat de València, 2011), p. 152; Virtuts Sambró Melero, "Contextualització i anàlisi de les eleccions del 18 de novembre de 1990 a la R.S. de Bòsnia i Hercegovina" (Doctoral Thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009). 4 : 1990 elections in Yugoslavia|1990 in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina|November 1990 events in Europe |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。