| 词条 | 1990 Colombian Constitutional Assembly election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Constitutional Assembly elections were held in Colombia on 9 December 1990 alongside a referendum on the Assembly itself.[1][2] The Assembly sat from February to July 1991 and drew up the 1991 constitution. BackgroundAfter the murder of presidential candidate Luis Carlos Galán in August 1989, students started a movement calling for a referendum "for peace and democracy" to be held on 21 January 1990.[3] However, under pressure from drug cartels, the government rejected the proposal. The students then set up the "We can still save Colombia" movement, which called for a referendum alongside the general elections on 11 March 1990 on establishing a Constitutional Assembly. The referendum saw 2,235,493 voted in favour and 117,000 vote against.[3] Following the unofficial referendum, President Virgilio Barco Vargas issued decree 927 on 3 May calling a referendum on electing a Constitutional Assembly alongside the presidential elections on 27 May.[5] Although this was in violation of article 218 of the constitution, which gave Congress sole rights to reform the constitution, the referendum was approved by the Supreme Court.[4] After 95% of voters approved of the election of the Assembly, elections were set for December. However, new President César Gaviria chose to reinforce the legitimacy of the Assembly by holding a second referendum on its election.[5] Only those who voted "yes" in the referendum could then cast a vote for the Assembly.[4] The Assembly was elected by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency.[6] ResultsConstitutional Assembly
Following the election a further four seats were given to guerrilla groups; two to the Popular Liberation Army, one to the Movimiento Armado Quintin Lame and one to the Workers Revolutionary Party.[7] Referendum
References1. ^[https://library.ucsd.edu/research-and-collections/collections/notable-collections/latin-american-elections-statistics/Colombia/elections-and-events-19901994.html Elections and Events 1990-1994] UC San Diego {{Colombian elections}}2. ^Colombia, 9 December 1990: Election of a Constitutional Assembly Direct Democracy {{de icon}} 3. ^1 Colombia, 11 March 1990 Direct Democracy {{de icon}} 4. ^1 2 Colombia, 27 May 1990: Election of a Constitutional Assembly Direct Democracy {{de icon}} 5. ^Anita Breuer (2007) Institutions of Direct Democracy and Accountability in Latin America’s Presidential Democracies Democratization, Vol 14, No 4, August 2007, pp 554–579 6. ^Nohlen, D (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II, p320 {{ISBN|978-0-19-928358-3}} 7. ^Nohlen, p321 5 : Elections in Colombia|Referendums in Colombia|1990 in Colombia|1990 referendums|1990 elections in South America |
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