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词条 Northern Belle
释义

  1. Legacy

  2. References

  3. External links

{{About|the nineteenth-century transatlantic ship|the fishing vessel|FV Northern Belle|the British luxury train|Northern Belle Train|the steamship|Northern Belle (ship, 1875)}}{{Italic title}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}{{Use British English|date=June 2018}}

The Northern Belle was an American transatlantic ship which ran aground near Thanet, England, on 5 January 1857.[1] No lives on her were lost, thanks to heroic rescue efforts, in blizzard conditions. However, another ship sank, en route to the scene, the Margate lugger "Victory" which was lost along with her crew.[2]

The Belle was constructed in 1853, under the ownership of J. P. Whitney and Co. of New Orleans.[3][4] Her common routes were New Orleans to Liverpool and Le Havre, carrying wheat on the outbound run. A barque of 1,150 tons burden[4] with a crew of 23, she was on a voyage from New York to London,[7] with a cargo of wheat, flour, and linseed cake,[4] when as a result of an unusually heavy gale had to put into Kingsgate, Kent. She anchored 3/4 of a mile from the shore,[5] however by 6 am she was riding heavily, the sea occasionally breaking completely over her. The storm was so ferocious that the main and mizzen masts were cut away by the crew at 6.30am. The Margate lugger "Victory"'', along with the Ocean, and the Eclipse attempted a rescue and possible salvage.[10] The Victory was lost along with her crew at 11.30 am. The storm raged all day without respite. The storm would not allow the local lifeboats to launch. The Belle parted from her anchors at midnight, and was driven onto the rocks beneath nearby cliffs, at Foreness Point.[6] All rescue attempts that day had been unsuccessful. The crew had lashed themselves to the one remaining mast, and were, to shocked onlookers surprise, spotted from the beach at dawn. Two lifeboats, the Mary White and the Culmer White made three trips to rescue them, despite the imminent peril they were in, from the boiling surf. The lifeboats and crew were from Broadstairs and Margate. Their Mary White had to be hauled and dragged two miles over fields of snow by man and horse before it could be launched the next day from a place that would allow it.[7][10][14][7] Captain Tate[8] and all his crew were thus saved; thanks to the Mary White in particular.

On 15 January 1857 (Thursday) the Illustrated Times of London advertise that they will print 5 engravings of the tragedy and portraits of the crew on Saturday.[9]

It was reported on 22 January in a letter to the Standard in London, that the ship and cargo were still on the reef, in good condition, and were salvageable. It was hoped to get her off the reef with comparatively little damage.

News of the disaster was broadcast world-wide, as far as the Sydney Morning Herald who picked up the story from the New York Times.[10] A benefit by "gentlemen amateurs" was held at the St James's Theatre, in London, on 7 February; one of the pieces they performed was the comedy" Still waters run deep".[11]

On 23 February 1857 3,340 barrels of damaged American flour, a part of the cargo, was auctioned off at the "New Corn Exchange Coffee House", Mark Lane, London.[12]

On 2 March, another 450 barrels of damaged American flour, and 20 barrels damaged Linseed cake was auctioned at the "New Corn Exchange Coffee House".[13]

The Times on 5 March, reports the vessel is a shipping hazard, and all her cargo has been salvaged except forty to fifty logs of Mahogany. Only two barrels of dynamite would be required to destroy the wreck.[23] The Liverpool Echo pointed out in 9 March 1857 that the wreck in foggy weather was an obstacle to navigation, "A few days ago a ship had a narrow escape by striking it."[14]

April 1857, the U.S. president Franklin Pierce had 21 silver medals struck and issued for the rescuers an award of £270 sterling for sharing amongst them; proportionate to the risks taken, of between £10 to £30 each.[7]

The London Morning Chronicle of 9 October 1857 reported that after 9 months the wreck was to be raised as she was a shipping hazard, chains had been fitted with a view of floating her with the aid of buoys at the next spring tides. Some Whitstable people had bought the hull for £260.[15][16]

Reports on 21 November 1857 were, that after nearly 10 months in the water, efforts made by her salvors to raise her, proved unsuccessful, despite employing four pontoons and successfully raising the stern out of the water, one of the chains around the hull broke, aborting the attempt...[28] Her masts disappeared from view in early December, and a green buoy marked wreck had to be put in place 10 fathoms eastward from the stern.[29]

In June 1858 Canterbury Town Council, put on display a piece of the wreck taken from the recently raised hull, which was completely riddled with Teredo worm.[30]

A Margate beer shop in 1858 is named the "Northern Belle".[17]

Legacy

The tragedy will inspired several literary works including novels and poetry. Charles Mackay wrote a poem "Northern Belle – a tribute to the brave", in March 1857.[18] Edwin Arnold wrote "Northern Belle" of the incident with the proceeds to go to fund for the bereaved.[19]

References

1. ^{{cite book|title=The Nautical Magazine and Naval Chronicle for 1857|date=28 Mar 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cf1QjBGFoU8C|accessdate=5 October 2017}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=A Boatman's Tales:|url=http://arthurmicklethwaite.htmlplanet.com/boatmans_tales_by_S_Holbourn/A_Boatmans_tales_S_Holbourns_study_of_lifeboat_rescues_shipwrights_and_local_families_02.htm|website=Holbourn genealogical index|accessdate=5 October 2017}}
3. ^{{cite news |title=Ships – Havre |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/28488172/ |accessdate=15 June 2018 |publisher=The Times Picayune, New Orleans, Louisiana |date=25 January 1854 |ref=Page 1}}
4. ^{{cite news |title=Sales by auction |accessdate=15 June 2018 |issue=28 February 1857 |publisher=The Manchester Guardian |ref=Page 8}}
5. ^{{cite news |title=The Northern Belle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/395460469/ |accessdate=16 June 2018 |publisher=The Royal Cornwall Gazette, Falmouth Packet, and General Advertiser |date=16 January 1857 |ref=Page 3}}
6. ^{{cite book | first =Anthony | last =Lane | year =2009 | month = | title =Shipwrecks of Kent | pages =18, 22 | publisher =The History Press | location =Stroud |isbn=978-0-7524-1720-2 | url = }}
7. ^{{cite web |last1=Cates |first1=Michael |last2=Chamberlain |first2=Diane |title=The Mary White life boat rescuing the crew of the American Ship the Northern Belle |url=https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/22754/lot/107/ |website=Bonhams |accessdate=17 June 2018}}
8. ^{{cite news |title=The late gales – more fatal wrecks |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/387007523/ |accessdate=16 June 2018 |publisher=The Era |date=11 January 1857 |ref=Page 14}}
9. ^{{cite news |title=Periodicals |publisher=Daily News |date=15 January 1857 |ref=Page 8}}
10. ^{{cite news |title=American Coast Defences |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/121468930/?terms=%22Northern%2BBelle%22%2Bwrecked |accessdate=17 June 2018 |agency=New York Times |publisher=Sydney Morning Herald |date=1 August 1857}}
11. ^{{cite news |title=Benefit for the Broadstairs and Margat Boatmen |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/387965275/ |accessdate=16 June 2018 |publisher=The Examiner |date=31 January 1857 |ref=Page 6}}
12. ^{{cite news |title=To be sold by public auction |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/390647087/?terms=%22Northern+Belle%22+built |accessdate=15 June 2018 |publisher=The Ipswich Journal |date=21 February 1857}}
13. ^{{cite news |title=Sales by auction |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/258356934/ |accessdate=16 June 2018 |publisher=Manchester Guardian 28 February 1857 |date=28 February 1857}}
14. ^{{cite news |title=Multum in Parvo |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/393310468/ |accessdate=15 June 2018 |agency=Liverpool Echo |date=9 March 1857 |ref=Page 4}}
15. ^{{cite news |title=The Northern Belle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/392690771/?terms=%22Northern%2BBelle%22%2BMay |accessdate=15 June 2018 |publisher=The Morning Chronicle (after "The Southern Gazette") |date=9 October 1857}}
16. ^{{cite news |title=The Northern Belle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/390862256/?terms=%22Northern%2BBelle%22%2Bspring%2Btide%2Bkent |accessdate=15 June 2018 |agency=South Eastern Gazette |publisher=Daily News |date=8 October 1857}}
17. ^{{cite news |title=Licensing at Margate |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/387015183/?terms=%22Northern%2BBelle%22 |accessdate=15 June 2018 |publisher=The Era |date=26 September 1858 |ref=Page 7}}
18. ^{{cite news |title=New Publications |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/20510437/ |accessdate=16 June 2018 |publisher=New York Times |date=6 February 1857}}
19. ^{{cite news |title=The wreck of the The Era by Edwin Arnold |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/387010769/?terms=%22Northern%2BBelle%22%2BApril |accessdate=15 June 2018 |agency=The Era |subscription=yes |date=22 March 1857 |ref=Page 10}}
20. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last1=Dallas |first1=G. M. |title=The Northern Belle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/390849316/ |accessdate=15 June 2018 |publisher=Daily News |date=1 May 1857 |ref=Page 5}}
21. ^1 {{cite news |title=Margate |publisher=Dover Telegraph and Cinque Ports General Advertiser |date=21 November 1857 |quote=The efforts used to raise the Northern Belle have proved unsuccessful, owing to the breaking of one of the chains which was around the hull ... |ref=Page 8}}
22. ^1 {{cite news |title=Canterbury Town Council exhibition |publisher=Kentish Gazette |date=22 June 1858 |page=6 |quote=There were also exhibited a piece of the wreck of the ill fated Northern Belle, lately picked up, and completely riddled with the Teredo Destructor}}
23. ^1 2 {{cite news |title=Sailings for United States |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/393438688/ |accessdate=15 June 2018 |publisher=Liverpool Echo |date=2 March 1855 |ref=Page 4}}
24. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Lang |first1=John |title=The Loss of the Northern Belle (with timetable of events) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/390194297/?terms=%22Northern+Belle%22+built |accessdate=15 June 2018 |publisher=Hampshire Telegraph and Navy Chronicle |date=10 January 1857 |ref=Page 3}}
25. ^1 2 {{cite web |last1=Morris |first1=Susan |title=Shipwreck of the ‘Northern Belle’ and the loss of the ‘Victory’ |url=https://emptageofthanet.co.uk/events/the-shipwreck-of-the-northern-belle-and-the-loss-of-the-victory-lugger/ |website=emptageofthanet.co.uk |accessdate=17 June 2018}}
26. ^1 {{cite news |publisher=Norwich Mercury|title=Wreck of the Northern Belle|date=12 December 1857 |page=3 |quote=Notice hereby given, that the roasts of the American ship, “Northern Belle,” stranded on the rocks off Longnose, having now disappeared, a green buoy, marked with the word wreck}}
27. ^1 {{cite news |author1=An Observer |title=Letter to the Times: The Wreck of the Northern Belle dated 3 March 1857 |url=http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=bro_ttda&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=AdvancedSearchForm&docId=CS168333413&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 |accessdate=11 September 2018 |publisher=The Times |date=5 March 1857 |page=10}}
[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]
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External links

  • {{Commons cat inline|Northern Belle (ship, 1853)}}
{{coord|51|23|40|N|1|25|40|E|type:city_region:GB_source:openstreetmap|display=title}}{{1857 shipwrecks}}

7 : Victorian-era passenger ships of the United States|Shipwrecks in the North Sea|Shipwrecks of England|History of Kent|Thanet|Maritime incidents in 1857|1857 in the United Kingdom
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