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词条 1994 Andalusian regional election
释义

  1. Overview

     Electoral system  Election date 

  2. Opinion polls

  3. Results

     Overall  Distribution by constituency 

  4. Aftermath

  5. Notes

  6. References

{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1994 Andalusian regional election
| country = Andalusia
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1990 Andalusian regional election
| previous_year = 1990
| next_election = 1996 Andalusian regional election
| next_year = 1996
| outgoing_members =
| elected_members =
| seats_for_election = All 109 seats in the Parliament of Andalusia
| majority_seats = 55
| opinion_polls = 1994 Andalusian regional election#Opinion polls
| registered = 5,389,552 {{small|7.6%}}
| turnout = 3,625,445 (67.3%)
12.0 pp
| election_date = 12 June 1994
| image1 =
| leader1 = Manuel Chaves
| party1 = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia
| leader_since1 = 19 April 1990
| leaders_seat1 = Cádiz
| last_election1 = 62 seats, 49.6%
| seats1 = 45
| seat_change1 = 17
| popular_vote1 = 1,395,131
| percentage1 = 38.7%
| swing1 = 10.9 pp
| image2 =
| leader2 = Javier Arenas
| party2 = People's Party of Andalusia
| leader_since2 = 25 July 1993
| leaders_seat2 = Seville
| last_election2 = 26 seats, 22.2%
| seats2 = 41
| seat_change2 = 15
| popular_vote2 = 1,238,252
| percentage2 = 34.4%
| swing2 = 12.2 pp
| image3 =
| leader3 = Luis Carlos Rejón
| party3 = United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia
| leader_since3 = 21 July 1988
| leaders_seat3 = Córdoba
| last_election3 = 11 seats, 12.7%
| seats3 = 20
| seat_change3 = 9
| popular_vote3 = 689,815
| percentage3 = 19.1%
| swing3 = 6.4 pp
| image4 =
| leader4 = Pedro Pacheco
| party4 = PA–PAP
| colour4 = 005931
| leader_since4 = 1994
| leaders_seat4 = Cádiz
| last_election4 = 10 seats, 10.8%{{efn|Data for PA in the 1990 election.}}
| seats4 = 3
| seat_change4 = 7
| popular_vote4 = 208,862
| percentage4 = 5.8%
| swing4 = 5.0 pp
| map_image = AndalusiaProvinceMapParliament1994.png
| map_size = 375px
| map_caption = Constituency results map for the Parliament of Andalusia
| title = President
| before_election = Manuel Chaves
| before_party = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia
| after_election = Manuel Chaves
| after_party = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia
}}

The 1994 Andalusian regional election was held on Sunday, 12 June 1994, to elect the 4th Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. All 109 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with the 1994 European Parliament election.

The candidate for the PSOE, Manuel Chaves González, was invested as President of the Regional Government of Andalusia after winning the election. However, the poor results obtained by his party forced him to form a minority government 10 seats short of a majority. Eventually, a snap election had to be called in 1996 due to the impracticality of government resulting from the union, at times, of the two main opposition parties (People's Party and United Left).

Overview

Electoral system

The Parliament of Andalusia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Andalusia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Andalusian Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a President of the Regional Government.[1] Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in Andalusia and in full enjoyment of their political rights.

The 109 members of the Parliament of Andalusia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of 3 percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold were not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Additionally, the use of the D'Hondt method might result in an effective threshold over three percent, depending on the district magnitude.[2] Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville. Each constituency was entitled to an initial minimum of eight seats, with the remaining 45 allocated among the constituencies in proportion to their populations on the condition that the number of seats in each province did not exceed two times that of any other.[1][3]

The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors were required to secure the signature of at least 1 percent of the electors registered in the constituency for which they sought election. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election being called.[3][4][5]

Election date

The term of the Parliament of Andalusia expired four years after the date of its previous election. Election day was to take place between the thirtieth and the sixtieth day from the date of expiry of parliament barring any date within from 1 July to 31 August. The previous election was held on 23 June 1990, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 23 June 1994. The election was required to take place no later than the sixtieth day from the date of expiry of parliament on the condition that it was not held between 1 July and 31 August, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Thursday, 30 June 1994.[1][3][6][7]

The Parliament of Andalusia could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot, the candidate from the party with the highest number of seats was to be deemed automatically elected.[1][6][7]

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 55 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Andalusia.

{{small|Color key
}}
{{legend2|#EAFFEA|Exit poll|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 12 June 1994 Parliament of Andalusia election results →
Parties and coalitionsPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) 1,395,131 38.72 –10.88 45 –17
People's Party (PP) 1,238,252 34.36 +12.18 41 +15
United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia (IULV–CA) 689,815 19.14 +6.47 20 +9
Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power (PA–PAP)1 208,862 5.80 –4.95 3 –7
Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) 12,078 0.34 +0.11 0 ±0
Forum–Democratic and Social Centre (Foro–CDS) 9,875 0.27 –0.91 0 ±0
Andalusian Nation (NA)2 9,690 0.27 +0.21 0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH) 5,510 0.15 +0.08 0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 2,637 0.07 –0.01 0 ±0
Socialist October (OS) 641 0.02 New 0 ±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) 350 0.01 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 30,750 0.85 +0.41
Total 3,603,591 109 ±0
Valid votes 3,603,591 99.40 –0.16
Invalid votes 21,854 0.60 +0.16
Votes cast / turnout 3,625,445 67.27 +11.93
Abstentions 1,764,107 32.73 –11.93
Registered voters 5,389,552
Sources[24][25][26]
{{bar box
|title=Popular vote
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars={{bar percent|PSOE–A|{{Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia/meta/color}}|38.72}}{{bar percent|PP|{{People's Party of Andalusia/meta/color}}|34.36}}{{bar percent|IULV–CA|{{United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia/meta/color}}|19.14}}{{bar percent|PA–PAP|{{Andalusian Coalition/meta/color}}|5.80}}{{bar percent|Others|#777777|1.13}}{{bar percent|Blank ballots|#DDDDDD|0.85}}
}}{{bar box
|title=Seats
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars={{bar percent|PSOE–A|{{Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia/meta/color}}|41.28}}{{bar percent|PP|{{People's Party of Andalusia/meta/color}}|37.61}}{{bar percent|IULV–CA|{{United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia/meta/color}}|18.35}}{{bar percent|PA–PAP|{{Andalusian Coalition/meta/color}}|2.75}}
}}

Distribution by constituency

ConstituencyPSOE–APPIULV–CAPA–PAP
%S%S%S%S
Almería 38.1 541.9 5 15.0 1 3.2 −
Cádiz34.5 5 33.2 5 18.2 3 11.6 2
Córdoba37.5 6 30.8 4 24.6 3 5.3 −
Granada 38.3 538.6 6 16.8 2 4.4 −
Huelva44.1 5 33.3 4 15.7 2 5.2 −
Jaén42.6 5 35.9 5 15.6 2 4.1 −
Málaga 34.3 636.5 6 22.4 4 4.7 −
Seville42.0 8 30.6 6 19.5 3 5.8 1
Total38.7 45 34.4 41 19.1 20 5.8 3
Sources[25][26]

Aftermath

Investiture
Manuel Chaves (PSOE–A)
Ballot → 20 July 1994 23 July 199419 IULV–CA MPs did not participate in the 29 July vote.
Required majority →15}}15}}15}}
{{Collapsible list | title = Yes(43 on 23 Jul)}}
}}		44|109|green|width=115px}}43|109|green|width=115px}}44|109|green|width=115px}}
{{Collapsible list | title = No(40 on 20 Jul)}}(until 23 Jul)}}(until 23 Jul)}}
}}		63|109|red|width=115px}}64|109|red|width=115px}}41|109|red|width=115px}}
{{Collapsible list | title = Abstentions(on 29 Jul)}}(on 29 Jul)}}
}}		0|109|lightgray|width=115px}}0|109|lightgray|width=115px}}4|109|lightgray|width=115px}}
{{Collapsible list | title = Absentees(2 on 23 Jul)}}(on 20 Jul)}}
}}		2|109|black|width=115px}}2|109|black|width=115px}}1|109|black|width=115px}}
Sources[26]

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

Opinion poll sources
1. ^1 2 3 {{cite act |title=Statute of Autonomy for Andalusia of 1981 |type=Organic Law |number=2 |work=Official State Gazette |language=Spanish |date=30 December 1981 |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1982-633 |accessdate=16 September 2017}}
2. ^{{cite web |last=Gallagher |first=Michael |date=30 July 2012 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730092518/http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php |title=Effective threshold in electoral systems |publisher=Trinity College, Dublin |accessdate=22 July 2017}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite act |title=Andalusia Electoral Law of 1986 |type=Law |number=1 |work=Official Gazette of the Junta of Andalusia |language=Spanish |date=2 January 1986 |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1986-2788&tn=1&p=19940525 |accessdate=16 September 2017}}
4. ^{{cite act |title=General Electoral System Organic Law of 1985 |type=Organic Law |number=5 |work=Official State Gazette |language=Spanish |date=19 June 1985 |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-11672&tn=1&p=19940331 |accessdate=28 December 2016}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.juntaelectoralcentral.es/cs/jec/documentos/LOREG_ENG |title=Representation of the people Institutional Act |author= |date= |website=juntaelectoralcentral.es |publisher=Central Electoral Commission |accessdate=16 June 2017}}
6. ^1 {{cite act |title=Government and Administration of the Autonomous Community Law of 1983 |type=Law |number=6 |work=Official Gazette of the Junta of Andalusia |language=Spanish |date=21 July 1983 |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOJA-b-1983-90009 |accessdate=17 September 2017}}
7. ^1 {{cite act |title=Government and Administration of the Autonomous Community Law Reform of 1990 |type=Law |number=1 |work=Official Gazette of the Junta of Andalusia |language=Spanish |date=30 January 1990 |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1990-4236 |accessdate=17 September 2017}}
8. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title=Sondea, que algo queda |url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1995/05/27/pagina-26/33783806/pdf.html |language=Spanish |work=La Vanguardia |date=27 May 1995}}
9. ^1 {{cite web |title=Elecciones de 12 de junio de 1994 al Parlamento Andaluz |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Juan_Manuel12/publication/266234246_ELECCIONES_DE_12_DE_JUNIO_DE_1994_AL_PARLAMENTO_ANDALUZ/links/54ee37dc0cf2e283086455d4/ELECCIONES-DE-12-DE-JUNIO-DE-1994-AL-PARLAMENTO-ANDALUZ.pdf |language=Spanish |work=Revista de Derecho Político |date=1996}}
10. ^{{cite web |title=El PSOE necesitará el apoyo de Izquierda Unida para poder gobernar en Andalucía |url=http://www.elmundo.es/papel/hemeroteca/1994/06/05/nacional/ |language=Spanish |work=El Mundo |date=5 June 1994}}
11. ^{{cite web |title=Los socialistas ganarán las elecciones en Andalucía |url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1994/06/05/pagina-18/34398253/pdf.html |language=Spanish |work=La Vanguardia |date=5 June 1994}}
12. ^{{cite web |title=El PP gana las europeas por seis puntos y el PSOE pierde la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía |url=https://elpais.com/hemeroteca/elpais/portadas/1994/06/05/ |language=Spanish |work=El País |date=5 June 1994}}
13. ^{{cite web |title=Cualquier coalición será posible para formar Gobierno en Andalucía |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1994/06/05/espana/770767202_850215.html |language=Spanish |work=El País |date=5 June 1994}}
14. ^{{cite web |title=Metra-Seis atribuye de 41 a 46 escaños al PSOE y de 35 a 39 al PP |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1994/06/05/036.html |language=Spanish |work=ABC Sevilla |date=5 June 1994}}
15. ^{{cite web |title=La última encuesta del CIS confirma que el PSOE perderá la mayoría absoluta |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1994/06/03/044.html |language=Spanish |work=ABC Sevilla |date=3 June 1994}}
16. ^{{cite web |title=El PSOE perderá votos en toda Andalucía pero podrá gobernar si le apoyan los andalucistas |url=http://www.elmundo.es/papel/hemeroteca/1994/05/16/nacional/ |language=Spanish |work=El Mundo |date=16 May 1994}}
17. ^{{cite web |title=El PSOE echa el resto en Andalucía para salvar la mayoría absoluta que le arrebatan las encuestas |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1994/05/27/079.html |language=Spanish |work=ABC Sevilla |date=27 May 1994}}
18. ^{{cite web |title=Una encuesta del CIS confirma la pérdida de la mayoría absoluta del PSOE y la subida de PP e IU-CA |url=http://hemeroteca.sevilla.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1994/05/21/035.html |language=Spanish |work=ABC Sevilla |date=21 May 1994}}
19. ^{{cite web |title=El PSOE volverá a ganar en Andalucía, pero el PP acorta distancias y se sitúa a sólo tres puntos |url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1994/04/17/pagina-22/34400333/pdf.html |language=Spanish |work=La Vanguardia |date=17 April 1994}}
20. ^{{cite web |title=Una encuesta realizada por el PSOE refleja que los socialistas perderían la mayoría absoluta |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1994/04/07/039.html |language=Spanish |work=ABC Sevilla |date=7 April 1994}}
21. ^{{cite web |title=El PP maneja un sondeo que le concede un máximo de 41 escaños y al PSOE hasta 53 diputados |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1994/03/07/035.html |language=Spanish |work=ABC Sevilla |date=7 March 1994}}
22. ^{{cite web |title=Una encuesta para el PP prevé la pérdida de la mayoría absoluta del PSOE en el Parlamento de Andalucía |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1993/12/15/069.html |language=Spanish |work=ABC |date=15 December 1993}}
23. ^{{cite web |title=El PSOE perdería la mayoría absoluta, según una encuesta del PP |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1993/12/15/031.html |language=Spanish |work=ABC Sevilla |date=15 December 1993}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/justiciaeinterior/siel/busquedaAvanzadaAction.html?vuelta=1&codComunidad=1&codTipoEleccion=5&codPeriodo=199406&totalAnd=on&codProvincia=0&codMunicipio=0&codDistrito=0 |title=Electoral Results Consultation. Parliament of Andalusia. June 1994. Andalusia totals |language=Spanish |website=juntadeandalucia.es |publisher=Junta of Andalusia |accessdate=25 September 2017}}
25. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.juntaelectoralcentral.es/cs/jec/documentos/ANDALUCIA_1994_ResultadosyElectos.pdf |title=Parliament of Andalusia election results, 12 June 1994 |date=9 July 1994 |language=Spanish |website=juntaelectoralcentral.es |publisher=Electoral Commission of Andalusia |accessdate=25 September 2017}}
26. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.historiaelectoral.com/aandalucia.html |title=Parliament of Andalusia elections since 1982 |language=Spanish |website=historiaelectoral.com |publisher=Electoral History |accessdate=25 September 2017}}
Other
{{reflist}}{{Andalusian elections}}{{Regional elections in Spain in the 1990s}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

4 : 1994 in Andalusia|1994 regional elections in Spain|Elections in Andalusia|June 1994 events in Europe
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