| 词条 | 1994–95 South Pacific cyclone season |
| 释义 |
| Basin=SPac | Year=1995 | Track=1994-1995 South Pacific cyclone season summary.jpg | First storm formed=November 12, 1994 | Last storm dissipated=March 17, 1995 | Strongest storm name=William | Strongest storm pressure=975 | Strongest storm winds=60 | Average wind speed=10 | Total depressions=4 | Total hurricanes=2 (record low) | Total intense=0 (record low, tied with 2008–09) | Fatalities=None reported | Damages=2.5 | five seasons=1992–93, 1993–94, 1994-95, 1995–96, 1996–97 | South Indian season=1994–95 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season | South Pacific season=1994–95 Australian region cyclone season }} The 1994–95 South Pacific cyclone season was one of the least active South Pacific tropical cyclone season's on record, with only two tropical cyclones officially occurring within the South Pacific Ocean basin between 160°E and 120°W. The season ran from November 1, 1994, until April 30, 1995, with the first disturbance of the season developing on November 12 and the last disturbance dissipating on March 17. The most intense tropical cyclone during the season was Tropical Cyclone William, which affected the Cook Islands. After the season the name William was retired from the tropical cyclone naming lists. During the season, tropical cyclones were officially monitored by the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers (TCWC) in Nadi, Fiji, Wellington, New Zealand and Brisbane, Australia.[1] Throughout the season the United States Navy also monitored the basin and issued unofficial warnings, through its Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center (NPMOC).[2] Tropical cyclones that were located between the Equator and 25S were monitored by TCWC Nadi while any that were located to the south of 25S were monitored by TCWC Wellington.[1] During the season the JTWC issued warnings on any tropical cyclone that was located between 160°E and 180° while the NPMOC issued warnings for tropical cyclones forming between 180° and the American coast.[2] TCWC Nadi, Wellington and Brisbane all used the Australian Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale, and measured windspeeds over a 10-minute period, while the JTWC and the NPMOC measured sustained windspeeds over a 1-minute period.[1] {{Clear}}Seasonal summaryImageSize = width:825 height:200 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20 Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270 AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/11/1994 till:31/03/1995 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/11/1994 Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.88) id:GP value:red id:td value:rgb(0.5,0.8,1) legend:Tropical_Disturbance/Tropical_Depression_(TD) id:c1 value:rgb(0,0.98,0.96) legend:Category_1_=_63–87_km/h_(39–54_mph)_(1) id:c2 value:rgb(0.80,1,1) legend:Category_2_=_88–142_km/h_(55–74_mph)_(2) id:c3 value:rgb(1,1,0.80) legend:Category_3_=_143–158-km/h_(75–98_mph)_(3) id:c4 value:rgb(1,0.56,0.13) legend:Category_4_=_159–204_km/h_(99–127_mph)_(4) id:c5 value:rgb(1,0.38,0.38) legend:Category_5_=_≥205_km/h_(≥128_mph)_(5) Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Hurricane bar:Month PlotData= barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:13/11/1994 till:17/11/1994 color:C2 text:"Vania" from:13/12/1994 till:17/12/1994 color:TD text:"04P" from:30/12/1994 till:03/01/1995 color:C2 text:"William" from:16/03/1995 till:17/03/1995 color:TD text:"18P" bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/11/1994 till:30/11/1994 text:November from:01/12/1994 till:31/12/1994 text:December from:01/01/1995 till:31/01/1995 text:January from:01/02/1995 till:28/02/1995 text:February from:01/03/1995 till:31/03/1995 text:March TextData = pos:(569,23) text:"(For further details, please see" pos:(713,23) text:"scales)" The season was one of the most inactive tropical cyclone seasons on record, with only two tropical cyclones officially occurring within the South Pacific Ocean basin between 160°E and 120°W.[3] The first tropical depression of the season developed out of an area of convection on November 12 to the northeast of Vanuatu, before it was named Vania on November 14 after it had become a category one tropical cyclone.[3] The cyclone went on to end a long dry spell in Vanuatu, before it last noted on November 19 to the west of Port Vila, Vanuatu.The basin remained quiet until December 13, when Tropical Depression 04P developed to the east of the Solomon Islands, before going on to affect Fiji and Tonga.[4] During the final days of 1994, Tropical Cyclone William developed to the northeast of American Samoa.[9] Throughout its lifetime, William moved southeast and affected parts of French Polynesia and the Cook Islands before becoming extratropical on January 3. After William left the basin on January 5, the basin remained quiet until March 16, when Tropical Depression 18P developed near Fiji, before dissipating during the next day.[5] After the season had ended, the name William was retired from the tropical cyclone naming lists, while in June 1995, the World Meteorological Organization made TCWC Nadi a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center.[6] Systems{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2013}}Tropical Cyclone Vania{{Infobox Hurricane Small|Basin=SPac |Image=Cyclone Vania 1994.png |Track=Vania 1994 track.png |Formed=November 10 |Dissipated=November 19 |1-min winds=60 |10-min winds=55 |Pressure=980 }} On November 12, TCWC Nadi reported that a tropical depression had developed within a persistent area of convection, that was located about {{convert|795|km|mi|round=5}} to the northeast of Port Vila, Vanuatu.{{TCWC Wellington BT}}[7] Over the next couple of days the depression gradually developed further as it started to move towards the southwest, before the JTWC started to issue warnings on it during November 13 and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 01P after it had become equivalent to a tropical storm.[2] Early on November 14, as the system passed near the Solomon Island of Tikopia, TCWC Nadi reported that the system had become a category one tropical cyclone on the Australian scale, and named it as Vania. During that day as it continued to move towards the south — southwest and intensify, it started to affect Vanautu with storm force windspeeds and heavy rain which helped break a long dry spell in Vanuatu.[7] Early on November 15, TCWC Nadi reported that Vania had become a category two tropical cyclone with peak 10-minute sustained windspeeds of between {{convert|100|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}}, while the JTWC reported peak 1-minute sustained windspeeds of 110 km/h (70 mph) which made it equivalent to a tropical storm. Later that day Vania passed near or over several of the Vanuatuan islands as it continued to move towards the south — southwest, and started to weaken as it encountered a higher amount of vertical windshear. During the following day, TCWC Nadi reported that Vania had weakened into a category one tropical cyclone as the systems low level circulation stalled, before it turned and started to move westwards while located to the north of New Caledonia.[7] During November 17, as the system had become sheared the JTWC issued their final advisory on Vania, before the systems remnant low level circulation was last noted by TCWC Nadi and the JTWC during November 19, while it was located about {{convert|100|km|mi|round=5|abbr=on}} to the west of Port Vila, Vanuatu. Only minor damage to crops and bush houses was reported to have occurred in the archipelago while no deaths were reported.[7] As a result of Vania affecting parts of Vanuatu during November 15, voting in provincial elections had to be extended by 24 hours.[8][9] {{Clear}}Tropical Depression 04P{{Infobox Hurricane Small|Basin=SPac |Image=Tropical Cyclone 04P 1994.png |Track=04P 1994 track.png |WarningCenter=FMS |Formed=December 13 |Dissipated=December 17 |Type1=spdepression |1-min winds=35 |Pressure=997 }} On December 13, the US Navy started to monitor an area of disturbed weather that was located about 720 km (480 mi), to the east of Honiara in the Solomon Islands.[2][4] During that day, TCWC Nadi started to monitor the system as a tropical depression as the system moved southeast towards Fiji.[2][10] Over the next couple of days, the depression continued to move southeast towards Fiji and gradually developed further.[4] On December 15, the NPMOC initiated advisories on the depression and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 04P, while it was located about 110 km (70 mi) to the northeast of Labasa, Fiji.[2][4] Later that day, the NPMOC reported that the system had become a tropical storm and reached its peak 1-minute sustained windspeeds of 65 km/h (40 mph), as it affected several Fijian islands including Vanua Levu and Thikombia.[2][4] During December 16, the cyclone continued to move towards the southeast and started to affect Tonga before the NPMOC issued their final warning on the system as it had weakened into a tropical depression.[2][4] During the next day, the depression moved into TCWC Wellingtons area of responsibility and was subsequently declared extratropical.[10] {{Clear}}{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2014}}Tropical Cyclone William{{Infobox Hurricane Small|Basin=SPac |WarningCenter=FMS |Image=Tropical Cyclone William 1994-95.png |Track=William 1994 track.png |Formed=December 30 |Dissipated=January 3 |1-min winds=65 |10-min winds=60 |Pressure=975 }} On December 30, TCWC Nadi reported that a tropical depression had developed about 860 km (535 mi), to the northeast of Pago Pago in American Samoa. Over the next couple of days the system moved towards the south-southeast and gradually developed further, before the NPMOC designated the depression as Tropical Cyclone 05P.[2][11] During January 1, TCWC Nadi reported that the depression had developed into a category 1 tropical cyclone and named it William as it passed near the Cook Island of Autitaki.[11] During the next day William subsequently slowly accelerated as it passed near too or over several other Cook Islands and intensified into a category 2 tropical cyclone.[11] Early on January 3, TCWC Nadi reported that the system had reached its peak 10-minute wind speeds of 110 km/h (70 mph) as it passed near or over the French Polynesian islands of Maria and Rimatara.[11] At around the same time the NPMOC reported that William, had reached its peak 1-minute sustained windspeeds of 120 km/h (75 mph).[12] The system subsequently degenerated into an extratropical cyclone as it left the tropics later that day.[11] The remnants of Tropical Cyclone William were tracked by TCWC Wellington until January 5, as they moved south-eastwards and moved out of the South Pacific basin. Throughout the Southern Cook Islands caused around {{ntsp|2500000||US$}} worth of damage to crops, buildings and coconut trees and destroyed a causeway to a tourist resort on Aitutaki.[7] William injured two people and destroyed over 150 houses in French Polynesia, where local leaders accused Météo-France off underestimating Williams intensity.[13] {{Clear}}Tropical Depression 18P{{Infobox Hurricane Small|Basin=SPac |Image=Tropical Cyclone 18P.png |Track=18P 1995 track.png |Formed=March 16 |Dissipated=March 17 |1-min winds=30 |Pressure=1000 }} On March 15, the US Navy started to monitor an area of disturbed weather, that had developed about 245 km (150 mi) to the northeast of Nadi, Fiji.[5] During that day the depression moved towards the southeast and gradually developed further while moving around the south coast of Viti Levu.[5] During the next day, the NPMOC initiated advisories on the area of disturbed weather and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 18P, with 1-minute sustained windspeeds of 55 km/h (35 mph).[2][5] During the following day as the depression did not intensify any further as it continued to move towards the southeast.[5] The NPMOC then issued their final advisory on the system later that day, as the depression dissipated about 960 km (600 mi) to the southeast of Nuku'alofa, Tonga.[2][5] {{Clear}}Season effectsThis table lists all the storms that developed in the South Pacific basin during the 1994–95 season. It includes their intensity on the Australian Tropical cyclone intensity scale, duration, name, areas affected, deaths, and damages. For most storms the data is taken from TCWC Nadi and Wellington's archives, however data for 04P and 18P have been taken from the JTWC archives as opposed to TCWC Nadi and Wellington's, and thus the winds are over 1-minute as opposed to 10-minutes. {{Pacific areas affected (Top)}}|- | {{Sort|01|Vania}} || {{Sort|1112|November 12–18}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A2}}|{{Sort|2|Category 2 tropical cyclone}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A2}}|{{Sort|100|100 km/h (65 mph)}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A2}}|{{Sort|980|980 hPa (28.94 inHg)}} || Vanuatu || Minimal || None || |- | {{Sort|02|04P}} || {{Sort|1215|December 15 – 21}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|1|Tropical Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|065|65 km/h (40 mph)}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|997|997 hPa (29.44 inHg)}} || Fiji, Tonga || Unknown || Unknown ||[2] |- | {{Sort|03|William}} || {{Sort|1230|December 30 – January 3}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A2}}|{{Sort|2|Category 2 Tropical Cyclone}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A2}}|{{Sort|110|110 km/h (70 mph)}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|A2}}|{{Sort|975|975 hPa (28.80 inHg)}} || Cook Islands, French Polynesia || {{ntsp|2500000||$}} || None ||[7] |- | {{Sort|05|18P}} || {{Sort|0316|March 16 – 17}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|1|Tropical Depression}} || bgcolor=#{{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|055|55 km/h (35 mph)}} || bgcolor={{storm colour|TD}}|{{Sort|999|1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)}} || None || None || None ||[2] |-{{TC Areas affected (Bottom)|TC's=4 systems|dates=November 12 – March 17|winds=110 km/h (70 mph)|pres=975 hPa (28.80 inHg)|damage={{ntsp|2500000||$}}|deaths=None|Refs=[7]}} See also{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean|accessdate=2008-08-15|author=RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|year=1999|url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/doc/Op-pln99.doc}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite web|pages=211–216|title=1995 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report|year=1997|accessdate=2011-05-15|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1995atcr/pdf/1995_complete.pdf|publisher=United States Navy, United States Airforce|author=Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center, Joint Typhoon Warning Center}}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 3. ^1 {{cite report|publisher=Fiji Meteorological Service |title=Tropical Cyclone Guidance for Season 2010/11 for the Fiji and the Southwest Pacific |author=Climate Services Division |date=October 26, 2010 |accessdate=July 10, 2012 |url=http://www.pacificdisaster.net/pdnadmin/data/documents/6041.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65kvh9FwY?url=http://www.met.gov.fj/2010_2011%20TC%20Guide.pdf |author2=RSMC Nadi — Tropical Cyclone Centre |archivedate=February 27, 2012}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url={{JTWC BT URL|year=1995|id1=1995s-bsh|id2=bsh1995}}|title=JTWC best track analysis: Tropical Cyclone 04P|agency=United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url={{JTWC BT URL|year=1995|id1=1995s-bsh|id2=bsh1995}}|title=JTWC best track analysis: Tropical Cyclone 18P|agency=United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center}} 6. ^{{cite web|author=RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|title=Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean|url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/TCP-24_RAVOpPlan_2010.pdf|format=PDF|date=May 23, 2011|accessdate=May 23, 2011}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite journal|author=Shepherd Ian J |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology |author2=Bates, Peter W |date=June 2, 1997 |title=The South Pacific and Southeast Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclone Season 1994-95 |journal=Australian Meteorological Magazine |pages=143 – 151 |issue=46 |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/amm/docs/1997/shepherd.pdf |accessdate=April 16, 2013 |archivedate=April 14, 2015 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XmZbxztP?url=http://www.bom.gov.au/amm/docs/1997/shepherd.pdf |deadurl=no |df= }} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Grant|year=1996|edition=1995|publisher=Pacific Publications|volume=65|pages=26|title=Pacific islands monthly|url=https://books.google.com/?id=DBB1AAAAMAAJ&q=Cyclone+Vania&dq=Cyclone+Vania|accessdate=May 17, 2011}} 9. ^{{cite web|date=July 23, 1996|author=Republic of Vanuatu office of the ombudsman|title=Public report complaint: Alleged misappropriation of funds by the president of Shefa and maladministration of Shefa provincial council|accessdate=May 15, 2011|publisher=The Government of Vanuatu|url=http://www.paclii.org/vu/ombudsmanreports/Vanuatu/96-02.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322022914/http://www.paclii.org/vu/ombudsmanreports/Vanuatu/96-02.htm|archive-date=March 22, 2012|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|title=Weekly tropical cyclone summary #176 December 11 - 18 1994|author=Beven, Jack|url=https://groups.google.com/group/sci.geo.meteorology/browse_thread/thread/e289d691d9c5a1a2/9b049c1b997e4b25?|publisher=Google Groups|date=1994-12-24|accessdate=2011-05-17}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite report|title=Tropical Cyclone William, December 30, 1994 - January 3, 1994 |type=Global tropical/extratropical cyclone climatic atlas |date=May 21, 1996 |accessdate=November 16, 2014 |author=Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Detachment |publisher=Indiana University |archivedate=November 16, 2014 |author2=National Climatic Data Center |url=http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/virtual_disk_library/index.cgi/4274123/FID218/DATA/TROPIC/SWP_NAR/1994_18.NAR |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6U8HJWJsx?url=http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/virtual_disk_library/index.cgi/4274123/FID218/DATA/TROPIC/SWP_NAR/1994_18.NAR |deadurl=no |df=mdy }} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone 05P (William) best track analysis|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1995/1995s-bsh/bsh051995.txt|publisher=United States Navy, United States Airforce|accessdate=November 16, 2014|author=Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center|author2=Joint Typhoon Warning Center}} 13. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_EJWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kuoDAAAAIBAJ&dq=cyclone%20william&pg=2947%2C2103222|publisher=The Gainesville Sun|author=Newmann, Steve|date=January 10, 1995|accessdate=June 21, 2011|title=Earthweek: Diary of the planet for the week ending January 6, 1995}} External links{{SPAC EL's}}{{TC Decades|Year=1990|basin=South Pacific|type=cyclone|shem=yes}}{{DEFAULTSORT:1994-95 South Pacific cyclone season}} 3 : 1994–95 South Pacific cyclone season|South Pacific cyclone seasons|Articles which contain graphical timelines |
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