| 词条 | 1995 Bermudian independence referendum | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Bermudian independence referendum referendum | title = Are you in favour of independence for Bermuda? | location = Bermuda | date = 16 August 1995 | yes_text = Yes | no_text = No | yes = 5714 | no = 16369 | total = 22236 | electorate = 37841 | map = | mapdivision = | notes = | legend_yes = | legend_no = }}{{Politics of Bermuda}} The Bermudan independence referendum of 1995 was a referendum held in Bermuda on 16 August 1995 over whether Bermuda should become an independent sovereign state or remain a British Dependent Territory. On a voter turnout of 58.8%, 73.6% voted against independence, and 25.7% voted in favour. Following the decisive referendum result, Sir John Swan, in favour of independence, resigned as Premier of Bermuda.[1] Referendum background and detailsAfter being an extension of the Virginia colony, Bermuda was made a crown colony of its own rights in 1609 and became a self-governing colony in 1620, with the founding of the Parliament of Bermuda. Following the Second World War, much of the British Empire was granted independence. In 1968, Bermuda gained a constitution, but the British Government determined that Bermuda was not ready for independence, and so Bermuda was included on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories. In 1981, Bermuda became a British Dependent Territory as a result of the British Nationality Act 1981. On 25 March 1995, the House of Assembly of Bermuda narrowly passed the Independence Referendum Bill 20–18,[2] the Senate passed the Bill unopposed two weeks later.[3] For independence to be approved, the yes vote had to be supported by at least 40% of those eligible to vote and over 50% of those who voted.[4] The referendum question (as set out by the Independence Referendum Act 1995) was this:[4] {{quote|Are you in favour of independence for Bermuda?}}Although in favour of independence, the opposition Progressive Labour Party, led by Frederick Wade, voted against the Referendum Bill, called for a boycott of the referendum itself and stated that independence should be determined in a general election. The governing United Bermuda Party was split on the issue, with Premier Sir John Swan supporting independence while many of his backbenchers were opposed.[5] During the campaign, the Committee for the Independence of Bermuda stated that if there was a 'yes' vote, independence would not come immediately. Instead, there would be a constitutional conference in London, which would lead to Bermuda becoming an independent Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as Head of State and the Privy Council remaining the supreme court.[6] The vote was originally scheduled for 15 August 1995 but was delayed to the next day by Hurricane Felix passing over the islands. Polls were open from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m.[7] The decision to delay the referendum was the subject of a public inquiry, which found the Government had acted in accordance with the law.[8] Result
References1. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/bermudians-vote-to-stay-british-1596724.html |title=Bermudians vote to stay British |author=Phil Davison |newspaper=The Independent |date= 18 August 1995|accessdate=7 January 2012}} {{Bermudan elections}}{{Bermuda-stub}}2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/19950325/NEWS/303259992 |title=House votes to ask the people if they want to go it alone |author=Paul Egan |newspaper=The Royal Gazette|date= 25 March 1995 |accessdate=7 January 2012}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/19950406/NEWS/304069967|title=Senate gives go-ahead to Referendum bill |author=Marcus Day|newspaper=The Royal Gazette|date= 6 April 1995 |accessdate=7 January 2012}} 4. ^1 {{Citation| last = | first = | year = 1995| title = Independence Referendum Act 1995| publisher = Government of Bermuda| publication-place = | page = | url = http://www.bermudalaws.bm/Laws/Consolidated%20Laws/Independence%20Referendum%20Act%201995.pdf| accessdate = 7 January 2012}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/19950808/NEWS/308089973 |title=UBP about to self-destruct, says Gordon |author=Paul Egan and Jeremy Deacon |newspaper=The Royal Gazette |date= 8 August 1995 |accessdate=7 January 2012}} 6. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2jRQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pVUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7138,4486740&dq=bermuda+independence&hl=en |title=Bermudians Voting Against Breaking Ties With Britain |newspaper=Ludington Daily News |publisher =Google News |date= 17 August 1995 |accessdate=7 January 2012}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/19950816/NEWS/308169986 |title=Independence referendum set for today |author=Paul Egan and Henry Adderley |newspaper=The Royal Gazette |date= 16 August 1995 |accessdate=7 January 2012}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/19951216/NEWS/312169994 |title=Inquiry says the system worked |author=Paul Egan and Jeremy Deacon |newspaper=The Royal Gazette |date= 16 December 1995 |accessdate=7 January 2012}} 4 : 1995 in Bermuda|1995 referendums|Independence referendums|Referendums in Bermuda |
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